Vitamin, Trace Element, and Fatty Acid Levels ofVitex agnus-castusL.,Juniperus oxycedrusL., andPapaver somniferumL. Plant Seeds

The levels of fat-soluble vitamin, trace element and fatty acid ofVitex agnus-castusL.,Juniperus oxycedrusL., andPapaver somniferumL. seeds in Turkey were determined by using HPLC, ICP-OES, and GC, respectively. In theVitex agnus-castusL.,Juniperus oxycedrusL., andPapaver somniferumL. seeds, linoleic acid (18 : 2) was determined with the highest level rates (%54.11, %28.03, and %72.14, resp.). In theVitex agnus-castusL. seeds, R-tocopherol,α-tocopherol, and K1levels were determined as 9.70 μg/g, 18.20 μg/g, and 24.79 μg/g, respectively; In theJuniperus oxycedrusL. seeds, R-tocopherol,α-tocopherol, and K1were determined as 18.50 μg/g, 0.84 μg/g, and 5.00 μg/g, respectively, and in thePapaver somniferumL. seeds, R-tocopherol,α-tocopherol, K1, and D2levels were determined as 43.25 μg/g, 122.05 μg/g, 12.01 μg/g, and 0.62 μg/g, respectively. In theVitex agnus-castusL.,Juniperus oxycedrusL., andPapaver somniferumL. seeds, nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were determined with the trace element level rates (4.42 mg/kg, 10.43 mg/kg, 3.71 mg/kg for Ni, 7.00 mg/kg, 7.70 mg/kg, and 24 mg/kg for Zn and 93.73 mg/kg, 187.95 mg/kg, and 149.64 mg/kg for Fe, resp.). These parameters in seeds are very important for human life.

Quantitative Cathodoluminescence Mapping with Application to a Kalgoorlie Scheelite

A method for the analysis of cathodoluminescence spectra is described that enables quantitative trace-element-level distributions to be mapped within minerals and materials. Cathodoluminescence intensities for a number of rare earth elements are determined by Gaussian peak fitting, and these intensities show positive correlation with independently measured concentrations down to parts per million levels. The ability to quantify cathodoluminescence spectra provides a powerful tool to determine both trace element abundances and charge state, while major elemental levels can be determined using more traditional X-ray spectrometry. To illustrate the approach, a scheelite from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, is hyperspectrally mapped and the cathodoluminescence is calibrated against microanalyses collected using a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Trace element maps show micron scale zoning for the rare earth elements Sm3+, Dy3+, Er3+, and Eu3+/Eu2+. The distribution of Eu2+/Eu3+ suggests that both valences of Eu have been preserved in the scheelite since its crystallization 1.63 billion years ago.