Research on the Evaluation of Elderly Care Service Supply Capability from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism

Based on the welfare pluralism analysis paradigm, an elderly care service supply capability evaluation system with five dimensions, including family, government, market, society and collaboration is constructed. The entropy weight method is used to determine the weight, and the weighted sum method is used to calculate the comprehensive score. The differences in the supply capability of different subjects in 30 provinces (cities) in China in 2018 are analyzed. The study found that there is regional imbalance in the comprehensive supply capacity of elderly care services in China, and the eastern region is higher than the central and western regions: Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and other eastern regions have strong supply capability, while Shanxi, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Jilin and other central and western regions have weak supply capability. In addition, the supply of elderly care service also presents the different characteristics. Therefore, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as establishing a balanced development strategy, narrowing the regional gap of elderly care service supply capability, enhancing the supply capability of various subjects, and accelerating the formation of a multi-subject responsibility sharing system for elderly care service.

A Survey on the Sustainability of China’s Smoke-free Community Elderly Care Service Models from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism

Objectives: Studies show that the harm of smoking is much higher in the elderly than in the young and middle-aged. Therefore, smoke-free communities are more suitable for the elderly. China’s ministry of civil affairs pointed out that, the development of community elderly care services conforms to the wishes of over 90% of the elderly in China, which is the focus of the construction of China’s elderly care service system. Meanwhile, China’s existing smoke-free community elderly care service models are diverse, service efficiency and sustainability remains uneven. Methods: This study constructed a conceptual framework for smoke-free community elderly care service based on the theory of welfare pluralism. To find the sustainability of smoking control in smoke-free communities and the efficiency of elderly care service supply under different supply modes. According to the geographical location, 9somke-free communities in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi’an were selected for investigation. Results: Three supply modes of community-based elderly care services are summarized, including Multiactor Participation Model (MPM), Government and Social organization Cooperation Model (GSCM), and Government-led Participation Model (GPM). The case analysis method is used to analyze the characteristics of the supply actors, supply content, and supply methods of these three models. Conclusion: Three supply modes of community-based elderly care services are summarized, including Multiactor Participation Model (MPM), Government and Social organization Cooperation Model (GSCM), and Government-led Participation Model (GPM). The MPM for smoke-free community elderly care, which includes the participation of multiple subjects and is more diversified in terms of supply content and methods, is found to have better smoking control efficiency and higher sustainability.

Социально ориентированные НКО и социальные предприятия как драйверы разгосударствления социального обслуживания: барьеры и возможности

«Золотой век» социального государства – в прошлом, оно дрейфует в сторону все более сложных и смешанных моделей, к плюрализации (welfare pluralism). Наряду с этим неолиберальный подход в социальной политике, который реализует в последние годы российское государство, привел к увеличению числа «смешанных» субъектов социальной политики. Речь идет о множестве малых или индивидуальных «предприятий», находящихся в широком спектре от прибыльного бизнеса до благотворительности. Социальные предприятия и социально ориентированные НКО (СО НКО) – поставщики социальных услуг, взаимодействующие в одном поле и конкурирующие за государственные субсидии или гранты. В статье на примере социального обслуживания пожилых людей в Санкт-Петербур­ге и Ленинградской области мы отвечаем на вопросы: как происходит разгосударствление социального обслуживания? Каковы барьеры и возможности этого процесса? В рамках теории текущие изменения требуют опоры на классический подход к анализу межсекторных взаимодействий в социальной политике. Использованные для анализа материалы включают в себя: актуальные нормативно-правовые акты; статистические данные; выступления чиновников; научные публикации; материалы с сайтов НКО. В статье показывается, что СО НКО и социальное предпринимательство играют важную роль в разгосударствлении социальных сервисов, которое ускорилось в 2015 г. после принятия Федерального закона о социальном обслуживании. На практике государственные службы зачастую создают организационные и финансовые барьеры для НКО, стремясь сохранить монополию в сфере социального обслуживания. Повысить устойчивость работы НКО могут эндаумент-фонды, но создать их удается редким (даже крупным) НКО. Среди других барьеров – низкая информированность о работе НКО и уровень доверия к ним со стороны населения, плохо отработанный механизм сбыта продукции и услуг. Разгосударствление посредством активного вовлечения СО НКО и социальных предприятий открывает возможности для того, чтобы они эффективно компенсировали несовершенство государственных сервисов, повышали самообеспечение и самозанятость населения. Негосударственные поставщики социальных услуг меняют поле решения социальных проблем, превращая пассивных «получателей услуг» в активных агентов.

Discussion on the research and development demand and market benefit of intelligent disability nursing equipment — Analysis from the perspective of welfare pluralism

In order to better serve the disabled, the state strongly supports the research and development and production of intelligent nursing equipment, thus ensuring and improving the quality of life and the sense of happiness of the disabled. This paper analyzes the current market situation of disabled nursing equipment and nursing products at home and abroad. Combined with the national pension and welfare policies, the paper analyzes the current market demand, market benefit and investment risks of intelligent disabled nursing equipment from the perspective of welfare pluralism, aiming at the development demand of intelligent disabled nursing equipment. This paper provides research and development suggestions and countermeasures for intelligent disability nursing equipment of Anhui Liwei Precision Machinery Co., Ltd.

MODEL KEMITRAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI-PERUSAHAAN DAN PEMERINTAH DALAM BINGKAI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Dalam konsep pluralisme kesejahteraan (welfare pluralism), usaha-usaha untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial dipandang sebagai tanggung jawab bersama, bukan hanya pemerintah saja. Di luar pemerintahan (negara), ada sektor lain yang bertanggung jawab atas kesejahteraan masyarakat yaitu sektor kerelawanan (voluntary), informal, dan komersial. Pandangan ini sedemikian kuat telah mendukung konsep tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility—CSR). Namun, dalam praktiknya upaya mewujudkan CSR tidak berlangsung dengan mudah. Berbagai masalah dapat menjadi kendalanya, misalnya adalah perbedaan pemahaman baik di kalangan internal perusahaan maupun eksternal, adanya ego sektoral dan keterbatasan SDM perusahaan. Dengan demikian, diperlukan kehadiran mediator untuk menyatukan pemahaman serta menyelaraskan kepentingan bersama dalam rangka mewujudkan CSR. Dalam hal ini, perguruan tinggi, termasuk Perguruan Tinggi (PT), sebagai agen pemikiran dan perubahan sosial dapat memegang peranan penting untuk menjalankan fungsi mediasi tersebut melalui suatu model kemitraan. Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana model kemitraan antara PT, perusahaan dan pemerintah dalam bingkai CSR yang bermuara pada kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model kemitraan secara kolaborasi memainkan peran penting dalam menyatukan pemahaman dan menyelaraskan kepentingan bersama guna mewujudkan keberlanjutan bisnis dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.

Welfare Pluralism sebagai Metode Pemberdayaan di Dusun Gamol

This study attempts to examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Rewulu which is based on a community empowerment program that has been running in several areas around the company, one of which is located in Dusun Gamol. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data is collected through interviews, search for written documents, observations, and data analysis. This paper looks at the process and impact of empowerment that occurs in the region. I finds that empowerment here is an activity that aims to increase the ability in terms of processing the results of the etawa goat farm into milk powder products that are of sale value. With the help of the company it is hoped that the community can carry out more productive activities in managing goat's milk. The results showed that the empowerment in this hamlet went through several stages, as well as the program pioneered by corporate has a positive impact. The impact on mothers is mainly in increasing their skills and knowledge in goat milk production and being able to increase the income of group members.Studi ini berupaya mengkaji tentang program corporate social responsibility (CSR) PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Rewulu yang berbasis program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang sudah berjalan di beberapa wilayah di sekitar perusahaan, salah satunya berada di Dusun Gamol. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, penelurusan dokumen tertulis, observasi, dan analisis data. Tulisan ini melihat bagaimana proses dan hasil dari pemberdayaan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Saya menemukan bahwa pemberdayaan disini merupakan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam hal mengolah hasil dari peternakan kambing etawa menjadi produk susu bubuk yang bernilai jual. Dengan adanya bantuan dari pihak perusahaan diharapkan masyarakat dapat melaksanakan kegiatan yang lebih produktif dalam mengelola susu kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan di dusun ini melalui beberapa tahap, serta program yang dipelopori oleh perusahaan memiliki dampak positif. Dampak bagi ibu-ibu terutama dalam meningkatkan skill dan pengetahuan dalam produksi susu kambing serta mampu meningkatkan pendapatan anggota kelompok.