scholarly journals Problems of phytoimmunity of grain crops in the Euro-Northeast of the Russian Federation and ways their solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sheshegova ◽  
Lucia Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Brown Blotch

Breeding of grain crops for phytoimmunity in the FSBSU FASC of the Northeast is carried out in the conditions of natural and artificial epiphytotics. Every year, more than 1000 samples of winter rye, spring soft wheat, barley and oats of their own breeding and from the VIR collection are studied. In winter rye, studies are conducted on snow mold, root rot, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, and ergot; in spring wheat – on root rot, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, brown rust, loose smut; in barley – on root rot, net, dark brown blotch and stripe disease, loose smut; in oats - on red-brown blotch, root rot, crown rust, panicle fusarium and loose smut. Resistant samples detected on infectious backgrounds will be included in the breeding process as sources of the trait. With the participation of source genes, new varieties of winter rye were created, Snezhana, Grefinya, and others, which are being studied at different breeding stages. Long-term studies (2014-2020) on infectious and provocative backgrounds among the breeding material of the FASC of the Northeast and collection samples of spring soft wheat, oats, barley revealed sources of nonspecific resistance (6-9 points). They are used in crossbreeding programs with the best varieties to obtain high-yielding and resistant to biotic stressors hybrids that are being studied at different breeding stages.

scholarly journals Monitoring of winter rye diseases in Kirov region and possible trends of breeding for immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
L. M. Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Seed Crops

The analysis of the phytosanitary situation in production, selection and seed crops of winter rye in Kirov region for the period from 1999 to 2018 was carried out in order to adjust the tasks of breeding for resistance to the most harmful diseases. The affection of the sowings (spread of the disease), the development of the disease and the area of the affected crops relative to the number of the examined ones were evaluated. The trend in the development of the diseases was established on the basis of a regression analysis of long-term data of the branch of the FSBI Rosselkhozcentr in Kirov region. The annual (100 %) manifestation of snow mold and ergot has been established. Next according to the frequency of manifestation there are root rots and brown rust – 95 %, powdery mildew – 75 %, sclerotinia – 70 %, Fusarium head blight – 70 %, and stem rust – 50 %. A relatively low frequency of manifestation has been observed with septoriose and rhynchosporium – 35 and 30 %. However, taking into account the development of winter rye diseases which exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH), the studied pathocomplexes have different levels of danger. Thus, the development of brown rust above ETH was diagnosed 13 times within 19 years. The most severe disease development (20.0-52.0 %) was in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2010; weak - in 2007 (0.8 %), 2017 (1.4 %), 2015 (2.4 %), and 2011 (5 %). The manifestation of powdery mildew above ETH was observed 6 times within 15 years, disease development was at the level of 13.0-53.0 %. The development of septoriose above ETH was diagnosed 6 times within 7 years with the development of disease from 13.5 to 63.0 %. Development of stem rust above ETH was diagnosed 5 times within 10 years with the status of the sign of 15.0-20.0 %. The cyclicity of spread of the most harmful diseases and trends of their change in agrocenoses of winter rye are shown. Thus, the most epitphytotically dangerous diseases include snow mold, brown rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and septoriose. Constant control is also required in relation to ergot and Fusarium head blight. These diseases should be an object for breeding-and-immunological studies.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to fungal diseases for selection of spring soft wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Taranova ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Kincharov ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Demina ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Mullayanova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Resistance To Fungal Diseases

For breeding to create varieties resistant to fungal diseases, it is effective to work in the search for new genes of resistance to pathogens, as well as to constantly update the gene pool of spring wheat. The researches were conducted in 2014-2019 in the Samara region. The object of study was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups. The assessment of samples for resistance to fungal pathogens was carried out against a natural infectious background, including in years with a strong development of certain diseases (powdery mildew – 2014, brown rust – 2016, 2017). Accounting of plant damage by fungal diseases was carried out according to generally accepted phytopathological methods. Since 2000, the laboratory has studied and developed more than one thousand collection samples, formed working characteristic collections of samples for resistance to leaf rust (142), powdery mildew (185) and with complex resistance to these diseases (100). According to the results of six-year studies, collection samples with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified: Kinelskaya yubileynaya, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4143, Erythrospermum 4144, Erythrospermum 4146, Erythrospermum 4147, Lutescens 6045/7, Erythrospermum 6310/10-63 (Kinel), Khutoryanka (Tambov), Ulyanovskaya 105, Yaritsa (Ulyanovsk), Tulaykovskaya 108 (Bezenchuk), Sigma 2 (Omsk), KVS Aquilon (Germany). Relatively resistant to root rot pathogens samples were noted: Kinelskaya 2010, Lutescens 3960, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Lutescens 4394 (Kinel). The selected varieties and breeding lines are recommended by us as sources of resistance to fungal diseases for use in breeding programs of the middle Volga region and research sites with similar agro-climatic conditions.

Transformation of Wheat Thaumatin-Like Protein Gene and Analysis of Reactions to Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Head Blight in Transgenic Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping XING ◽  
Hua-Zhong WANG ◽  
Zheng-Ning JIANG ◽  
Jin-Long NI ◽  
Ai-Zhong CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Complex Use of Biofungicides on Spring Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00158
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Guzel Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Medium Development ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

In 2018–2019, the studies were carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the use of various biofungicides on spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on grey wood soil in the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agents based on Bacillus subtilis strain 63-Z (Baxis®) and Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain (Pseudobacterin 2®) were used as biofungicides. The chemical fungicides were used as a standard (for seed treatment – prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Lamador®); for spraying – spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol (Falcon®)). The research results showed that the use of biofungicides for seed treatment and spraying during the earing phase of wheat has a pronounced effect on the length of the stem and the number of grains in the ear. Under the influence of the use of biofungicides, the damage to plants by root rot, leaf septoria and powdery mildew was reduced. In terms of their effect on leaf septoria and powdery mildew, the chemical fungicides were somewhat superior to biological ones. The highest yield of spring soft wheat was obtained using the scheme in which the seeds were treated with Baxis and the plants in the earing phase were sprayed with Pseudobacterin 2. This scheme provided the increase in yield by 1.1 t / ha compared to control and by 0.29 t / ha when using standard chemical fungicides for seed treatment and spraying of crops. The use of such a scheme significantly reduces the cost of the protection of wheat plants from diseases. As a result of research, it was shown that with a weak and medium development of diseases, the use of biofungicides can be an effective alternative to the use of standard chemical fungicides.

scholarly journals Loose smut resistance and adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties of VIR collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
A. V. Kharina ◽  
O. S. Amunova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

In 2013-2019 in the conditions of Kirov region 178 varieties of spring soft wheat from the collection of the Federal Research Center of N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were studied according to loose smut resistance, plasticity and yield stability. Among studied varieties 36 immune and 12 practically immune to loose smut infestation samples have been revealed. They can be used as sources of resistance in selection. The most favourable conditions for infestation of spring soft wheat plants with loose smut develop since the beginning of blossoming till grain filling. The higher the air temperature and the amount of precipitation during this period, the higher is the percentage of wheat plants affected with this disease. As the percentage of the stems affected by loose smut increased, total yield losses grew as well (r = 0.99). Nineteen varieties of spring wheat significantly exceeded the standard variety Bazhenka (Russia) in yield on an infection background. Five mid-susceptible varieties which showed tolerance to the disease have been selected. They are Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda (Russia), Samgau, Dostyk, Karabalykskaya 91 (Kazakhstan) and Visa (Belarus). During the years the following varieties revealed the highest and stable productivity: Stepnaya 50, Dostyk (Kazakhstan), Kazanskaya Yubileynaya, Niva 2, Provincia, Egisar 29, Sudarushka, Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda (Russia), Hoffman (Canada), UL Pettit (USA) and Leguan (Czechoslovakia). The following varieties were designated as the intensive type: Tyumenskaya 26, Elizaveta, Maria 1, Melodiya, Niva 2 (Russia), Kharkovskaya 10 (Ukraine), Samgau (Kazakhstan), Visa (Belarus), and American varieties Ranger and UL Pettit (b i > 1). Varieties Ranger and UL Pettit showed high productivity in favorable cultivation conditions. Varieties Mazhor (Ukraine), Favorit (Russia) and Karabalykskaya 91(Kazakhstan) (bi<1) should be used on an extensive background. By deterioration of cultivation conditions the productivity of these varieties decreased insignificantly. The relationship between productivity and adaptability parameters has been established (bi , Ноm). The highyielding varieties have been characterized as more plastic (r = 0.69) and stress resistant (r = 0.73).

The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Kai Lu ◽  
Xiaohui Yao ◽  
Liyuan Zhang ◽  
Fubin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Source Plant

Plants employ aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. To date, none of these TaPIP candidates has been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant. Here, we report that T. aestivum aquaporin TaPIP2;10 facilitates the cellular uptake of H2O2 to confer resistance against powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, two devastating fungal diseases in wheat throughout the world. In wheat, the apoplastic H2O2 signal is induced by fungal attack, while TaPIP2;10 is stimulated to translocate this H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where it activates defense responses to restrict further attack. TaPIP2;10-mediated transport of H2O2 is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered plant immunity (PTI). Typical PTI responses are induced by the fungal infection and intensified by overexpression of the TaPIP2;10 gene. TaPIP2;10 overexpression causes a 70% enhancement in wheat resistance to powdery mildew and an 86% enhancement in resistance to Fusarium head blight. By reducing the disease severities, TaPIP2;10 overexpression brings about more than 37% increase in wheat grain yield. These results verify the feasibility of using an immunity-relevant aquaporin to concomitantly improve crop productivity and immunity.

Instant Insights: Fusarium in cereals

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on fusarium in cereal crops. The first chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. It also addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, as well as the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality. The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, as well as what we know about the mechanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. It features detailed discussions on biotrophic foliar diseases such as stem rust and powdery mildew and necrotrophic diseases such as spot blotch and Fusarium head blight. The third chapter reviews control measures for Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew, including the development of resistant cultivars. The final chapter considers the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. It also features discussions on the current status of the global fungicide market.

Island barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
S. M. ter Beek ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Island is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, high test weight, high seed weight, excellent resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. Island performs well in the Maritimes, Quebec, and Ontario. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high seed weight, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight

scholarly journals Different effects of phytohormones on Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot resistance in Brachypodium distachyon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F. Haidoulis ◽  
P. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

AbstractFusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of small grain cereals causing both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR). Exogenous application of phytohormones has been shown to affect FHB resistance. In contrast to FHB, FRR remains poorly characterised and it is unknown whether phytohormones play similar roles in FHB and FRR. In this present study, B. distachyon floral tissues at mid-anthesis and root tissues from seedlings were exogenously treated with several phytohormones before inoculation with F. graminearum. The canonical defence-associated phytohormones had differing effects on FHB and FRR. Salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased susceptibility to FRR but not to FHB while jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene increased resistance to FRR but increased susceptibility to FHB. Additionally, the growth-associated phytohormones auxin and cytokinin significantly increased resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to both diseases. This study is the first to compare phytohormone effects between FHB and FRR in the same host.HighlightThe tissue-dependent effects of defence phytohormones and tissue-independent effects of development phytohormones on F. graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot diseases in the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document