A Methodological Note: An Introduction to Autoregressive Models

The autoregressive model is a useful tool to analyze longitudinal data. It is particularly suitable for gerontological research as autoregressive models can be used to establish the causal relationship within a single variable over time as well as the causal ordering between two or more variables (e.g., physical health and psychological well-being) over time through bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged or contemporaneous models. Specifically, bivariate autoregressive models can explore the cross-lagged effects between two variables over time to determine the proper causal ordering between these variables. The advantage of analyzing cross-lagged effects is to test for the strength of prediction between two variables controlling for each variable's previous time score as well as the autoregressive component of the model. Bivariate autoregressive contemporaneous models can also be used to determine causal ordering within the same time point when compared to cross-lagged effects. Since the technique uses structural equation modeling, models are also adjusted for measurement error. This paper will present an introduction to setting up models and a step-by-step approach to analyzing univariate simplex autoregressive models, bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged models, and bivariate autoregressive contemporaneous models.

The Quick and the Careless: The Construct Validity of Page Time as a Measure of Insufficient Effort Responding to Surveys

Several recent studies have examined the prevention, causes, and consequences of insufficient effort responding (IER) to surveys. Scientific progress in this area, however, rests on the availability of construct-valid IER measures. In the current paper we describe the potential merits of the page time index, which is computed by counting the number of questionnaire pages to which a participant has responded more quickly than two seconds per item (see Huang et al., 2012 ). We conducted three studies (total N = 1,056) to examine the page time index's construct validity. Across these studies, we found that page time converged highly with other IER indices, that it was sensitive to an experimental manipulation warning participants to respond carefully, and that it predicted the extent to which participants were unable to recognize item content. We also found that page time's validity was superior to that of total completion time and that the two-seconds-per-item rule yielded a construct-valid page time score for items of various word lengths. Given its apparent validity, we provide practical recommendations for the use of the page time index.

Figure Disembedding: The Gottschaldt’s Hidden Figure Test in Children with Typical Development and Autism

In two studies, we used the Gottschaldt’s Hidden Figure Test (GHFT) for assessing figure disembedding ability in children aged 7–11. Study 1 demonstrated in a large sample of typically developing children that GHFT accuracy and time scores differed across age groups, without sex and socioeconomic differences. Thus, we provided normative data only taking into account children’s age. In Study 2, GHFT normative values were used to assess children with autism, who were also compared with a closely age-matched group of typical controls. Children with autism achieved time scores at or above the 50th centile and significantly differed from the controls for time score. The GHFT seems a valuable tool for defining the cognitive profile of children with autism.

Pengaruh Pengendalian Integrated Port Time (IPT) terhadap Kelancaran Kegiatan Bongkar Muat Di PT. Pertamina (Persero) Regional IV Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pengendalian sistem Integrated Port Time (IPT) terhadap kelancaran kegiatan bongkar muat di PT. Pertamina (Persero) Regional IV Semarang. Penulis melakukan pengamatan di PT. Pertamina (Persero) Regional IV Semarang, selain itu juga melakukanWawancara dengan orang-orang yang terkait dengan permasalahan yang dibahas tepatnya pada fungsi Marine dimana terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi masalah dalam menjalankan sistem Integrated Port Time tersebut yaitu tingginya waktu tunggu di Pelabuhan yang berimplikasi terhadap biaya angkut, Lamanya waktu kapal di terminal dipengaruhi banyak faktor yang melibatkan fungsi Refinery Unit, S&D, Domas dan Aviasi serta Shipping. Selain itu, kendala infrastruktur darat dan kapal yang masih belum memadai mengakibatkan operasional menjadi terhambat. Penulis juga mengumpulkan literatur dari buku-buku, aturan-aturan dan penelitian yang terkait dengan Intregated Port Time dan Bongkar Muat. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa ada Pengaruh Intregated Port Time terhadap kelancaran bongkar muat di PT. Pertamina (Persero) Regional IV Semarang. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan Tingginya waktu tunggu di Pelabuhan yang merupakan salah satu penghambat Integrated Port Time (IPT), hal ini dikarenakan adanya Waiting Time, Terminal Time, Lab Time Score, Marine Time dan Finance Ops Time. Lamanya waktu kapal pada saat di terminal mengakibatkan operasi penyaluran BBM menjadi terlambat dan infrastruktur darat dan Kapal yang masih belum memadai.

Performances of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), and validity of timing components in comparison with three commonly used agility tests in Chinese boys: an exploratory study

Background The practical application of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) has been reported in some Western countries. However, a few studies reported the application of the CAMSA in Chinese children. In addition, given that the CAMSA was designing to incorporate both movement skills and agility assessment, the value and validity of the timing component of the CAMSA are worth discussing. Methods By choosing the Illinois Agility Test, Repeated Side Step-1 m distance, and the newly designed Repeated Side Step-half of height as the benchmark, we evaluate the performance of the CAMSA, further establish the concurrent validity of the CAMSA timing components (completion time and time score). In total, 149 male children (mean age 9.0 ± 0.8 years) from public schools in Shanghai, China, participated in the study. Results The mean CAMSA completion time was 19.3 ± 5.3 (s), and mean time score was 8.7 ± 3.9 (range of 1–14) for all participants (n = 149). After adjusted the sprint speed, older age was positively associated with the performance of the CAMSA. Being overweight was not associated with the performance of the CAMSA comparing with healthy body mass children, however, being obese was negatively associated with the CAMSA timing components and total score. Children having extracurricular sports activities (e.g., athletic experiences), mostly soccer, were more likely to demonstrated better performances of the CAMSA completion time, time score and total score. However, overweight and obese, also athletic experiences were not significantly contributed to the CAMSA skill score, although the association was slight (Adj R2 = 0.13). Besides, the CAMSA completion time has a strong correlation with the IAT, r = 0.77; RSS-1MD, r = − 0.76; and RSS-HHD, r = − 0.77, p < 0.01. The same pattern of correlation was also found between the CAMSA time score and three agility tests: IAT, r = − 0.79; RSS-1MD, r = 0.76; RSS-HHD, r = 0.78, p < 0.01. Discussion Overall, a few participants in the study were able to reach the recommended level of the total CAMSA score referring to the Canadian criterion. The strong concurrent validity was found between the CAMSA timing components and three selected agility tests, respectively.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN MOTIVASI WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA YANG BERKUNJUNG KE PANTAI LAKEY, DOMPU, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Lakey Beach has potential that is not shared by many other tourist attractions such as left-hand wave sweeping. Not only that, the life of the local people around Lakey Beach tourist attraction which is quite unique and still preserves customs is a special attraction for tourists who visit. For this reason, we want to know the Characteristics, Motivation of foreign tourists visiting Lakey Beach.The sampling technique uses the slovin formula and purposive sampling by distributing 100 open questionnaires to foreign tourists visiting Lakey Beach tourist attractions. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative is a technique that describes and interprets the meaning of the data that has been collected. Based on the results of research characteristics of foreign tourists visiting Lakey Beach based on age 15-30 years old 57 people (57%), the area of origin of Australia 41 people (41%), male gender 5 people (56%), the status of recreational trips / holidays 98 people (98%), sources of friends / family information 54 people (54%), frequency of visiting 63 people (63%), home stay accommodations 59 people (59%). While the intrinsic motivation of foreign tourists on the indicator want to have fun score of 4.2 (agree), want to channel the hobby of surfing / surfing the score of 4.09 (agree) has the highest liker score, while the lowest liker score on the indicator wants to visit friends / liker's family score 2.15 (disagree). Whereas the extrinsic motivation of foreign tourists on the highest liker score indicator is the leisure time score of 4.27 liker (strongly agree), while the indicator with the lowest liker score is conducting a comparative study of liker score 2.16 (disagree).

Electronic Scores for Music: The Possibilities of Animated Notation

This article argues that animated notations are the most exciting new direction for music notation since the conception of the real-time score. The real-time score revolutionized performance practices in new music, with the composer Gerhard E. Winkler calling it a “third way” between improvisation and fixed scores. Developing upon the idea of dynamic notation epitomized by the real-time score, animated notation features movement as its foundation, and may be presented as an interactive program, video, or application environment generated in real time or preset. It extends the possibilities presented by graphic notations, engaging the processing power of computing toward new complexities of shape, color, movement dynamics, form, synchronicity, and the very performability of music scores. Beginning with a brief historic overview of trends and background that may have informed the development of animated notation, I then examine contemporary practices and their application to a range of music. I will argue that animated notation brings particular benefits for scoring music featuring electronics and aleatoric elements.