Scientific basis of organization of ecologically safe land use

The article highlights the environmental problems of land use, its rationalization; optimal use of agricultural lands, in particular, arable lands; a modern interpretation of the content of rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and economic aspects of this problem are considered. The information data necessary for the decision of this problem are given, namely indicators of natural-agricultural zoning, regional ecological and economic features of manufacture of the basic production of agriculture, indicators of properties and quality of soils and agrobiological requirements of the main crops to natural, primarily soil, environment, indicators of yields of these crops and data on production costs and revenues. The organization of ecologically safe land use is recommended in three stages. The first stage consists of allocating areas growing certain crops in Ukraine, that agroecological interpretation materials natural and agricultural zoning to study the environmental conditions of production agriculture. If the growing zones of certain crops have specific, inherent only in each of them, geographical areas, then it is determined where and which crops in terms of natural conditions should be located. The second stage of identifying the ecological and economic features of the production of basic agricultural products based on data on natural conditions, especially soil, is to determine the suitability of land for the area within the growing zones. The third stage of the organization of ecologically safe land use is to determine according to the data on the suitability of soils of the territory with optimal conditions for growing the crop, i.e. where the best and with the highest assessment of soils prevail. The growing zone can have at least three such agronomic regions (districts) — with the best, average, and worst conditions. In modern conditions, when prices of goods forming market relations, accounting for differences in land productivity as a productive resource becomes a necessary objective condition for the profitable and ecologically safe existence of agriculture.

THE FEATURES OF AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORENBURG REGION AND APPROACHES TO AGRICULTURAL ZONING

The article discusses the features of agricultural development of the territory of the Orenburg region. Based on the analysis of archival, statistical, and cartographic data, the key stages in the agricultural development of the region are identified and briefly described. On the basis of the selected stages of development, approaches to zoning the territory of the Orenburg region on the studied basis are developed.

NATURAL-AGRICULTURAL ZONING OF THE LAND FUND OF THE SANA BASIN ON THE MESO- AND MICROCLIMATIC LEVEL. NATURAL-AGRICULTURAL MOUNTAIN REGIONS

The aim of the study is to study meso – and microclimatic factors in the mountainous relief, ensuring a certain level of heat and humidity availability of mountainous landscapes which forms a specifi c soil cover; to develop soil and climatic justifi cation of placement of agricultural crops and application of fertilizers; to establish a general scheme of agronomic and water reclamation, planning and implementation of measures for the rational use and protection of land resources. As a result of the analysis and generalization of surveys and studies of the materials, there were established regularities of spatial distribution of climatic conditions depending on the absolute level and relief of the land surface, was defined biological productivity of soil types and features of agricultural use of the land fund,were established the main indicators as the basis of the scheme of natural-agricultural zoning of the Sana’a basin in the system of integrated territorial-production formations marked on the meso- and microclimatic level, the boundaries of natural and agricultural mountain areas within the borders of the Sana basin were established.

NATURAL-AGRICULTURAL ZONING OF THE LAND FUND OF THE SANA BASIN AT THE MESO- AND MICROCLIMATIC LEVEL. NATURAL-AGRICULTURAL MOUNTAIN SUB-DISTRICTS AND PLOTS

The aim of the research is to study meso- and microclimatic factors in the mountainous terrain which ensure a certain level of heat and humidity of mountainous landscapes forming a specific soil cover; development of soil and climatic justification of placement of agricultural crops and application of fertilizers; establishment of a general scheme of agro technical and water reclamation, planning and implementation of measures for the rational use and protection of land resources. As a result of the analysis and generalization of surveys and studies there were established the regularities of spatial distribution of climatic conditions depending on the absolute level of the earth surface and land relief, defined biological productivity of soil types and features of agricultural use of the land fund, established the main indicators as a basis for the scheme of natural-agricultural zoning of the Sana basin in the system of integrated territorial-production formations allocated on the mesomicroclimatic level, established the boundaries of natural and agricultural mountain areas, sub districts and plots within the borders of the Sana basin.

MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS CONDITION IN VLADIMIR REGION

The concept of state land monitoring development, adopted by Government decree No. 1292-r dated 07/30/2010, provides for the formation of information resources about lands, including a qualitative as-sessment of land fertility. In connection with it, a need arose to update land fertility data carried out by soil surveys institutes Rosgiprozem and Roszeproekt in the 60-80s. On the maps of administrative division of Vladimir region and natural-agricultural zoning, an administrative-agricultural zoning of soils of Vladimir region was carried out. Based on the synthesis of data from the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia, administrative-agricultural zoning, the spatial distribution of t totality of soil differences is deter-mined and a system of soil-territorial allotments is formed. Based on the system of soil-territorial divisions of Vladimir region, geographical coordinates of soil samples selection were established, for which in 2018 monitoring of agricultural lands in Vladimir region was carried out. Our analysis of the dynamics of soil fertility showed that over the past years (from 1961 to 1995) there have been significant changes. The course on the chemicalization of agriculture in the 70-80s of the last century led to a significant increase in humus in the soil, macrocells and a decrease in acidity. Liberal agricultural reform in the 90s of the last century led to a significant decrease in sown areas. A significant part of the area of arable land passed into a deposit or overgrown with forest. It led to the conservation of previously intensively used sown areas, to the conservation and increase of organic matter and nutrients in the soil.