Correlation in Causality: A Progressive Study of Hierarchical Relations within Human and Organizational Factors in Coal Mine Accidents

It has been revealed in numerous investigation reports that human and organizational factors (HOFs) are the fundamental causes of coal mine accidents. However, with various kinds of accident-causing factors in coal mines, the lack of systematic analysis of causality within specific HOFs could lead to defective accident precautions. Therefore, this study centered on the data-driven concept and selected 883 coal mine accident reports from 2011 to 2020 as the original data to discover the influencing paths of specific HOFs. First, 55 manifestations with the characteristics of the coal mine accidents were extracted by text segmentation. Second, according to their own attributes, all manifestations were mapped into the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), forming a modified HFACS-CM framework in China’s coal-mining industry with 5 categories, 19 subcategories and 42 unsafe factors. Finally, the Apriori association algorithm was applied to discover the causal association rules among external influences, organizational influences, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts and direct unsafe acts layer by layer, exposing four clear accident-causing “trajectories” in HAFCS-CM. This study contributes to the establishment of a systematic causation model for analyzing the causes of coal mine accidents and helps form corresponding risk prevention measures directly and objectively.

NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.

Anticancer Activity of Kefir on Glioblastoma Cancer Cell as a New Treatment

Kefir drink is one of the most important probiotic products, which is made using kefir microorganisms in fermenting the milk. Numerous investigation have been accomplished in the field of the therapeutic property of probiotic products. In the present study, we assessed the cytotoxic effect of kefir on the rate of growth and increase of glioblastoma cancer cell as the most severe form of brain tumors. In this experimental study, we used a U87 cancer cell line (glioblastoma). The interaction between cancer cells and different concentrations of kefir drink and supernatants at 24 and 48 hours was considered. The cell cytotoxicity of kefir and sedimentation of cell lysate and extract of kefir was assessed using the MTT test after 24 and 48 hours. The result of the MTT test, treatment of the cells with the 48-hour fermented drink, demonstrated the most cell cytotoxicity in comparison with the control group. Results showed that the toxicity effect in all groups was dose-dependent, and by increasing the concentration, cell survival decreased noticeably. The results indicated that the supernatant of fermented kefir drink as a probiotic product has more toxicity and lethality effect on the glioblastoma cancer cell. This product can be utilized as a replacement or a complementary therapy of cancer.

Design public spaces to enable all 0-5 year children flourish

The Public Spaces of Tomorrow are places that enable young children 0-5 to flourish. Contemporary places support healthy child development. The early years are the foundation for lifelong physical and mental health, wellbeing, and social skills. Designing, planning, and building new public spaces for our babies and toddlers should take into consideration the wellbeing of their caregivers. Engage parents, grandparents, siblings, or pregnant women in the design process provides for the ability to create new types of public spaces. Knowledge of how to do it for wellbeing in specific circumstances, places, social or natural environment is the purpose of the work (for ex. the Covid-19 pandemic is still unfolding but the principle of healthy development or caregiver isn`t changing). Responsibility of local authorities, urban planners, architects, park managers, all people engaged in city planning and functioning, have their role to play. During the collaborative workshop Mentor and Student Research Lab 3 in Poland (Gdańsk University of Technology) numerous investigation and methods were tried to answer research questions on how to resolve problems of designing public spaces of tomorrow.

THE EFFECTS OF DISSOLUTION OF THE SOLID NICKEL IN LIQUID ALUMINUM

<p class="Adressess">The preparation of a large number of materials trough the propagating exothermic reactions has been the objective of numerous investigation. Self-propagating reactions are typically associated with high temperatures and extremely steep thermal gradients and thus offer the opportunity to investigate the formation of intermediate and metastable phases. Such reactions are also of interest from a practical point of view since, as has been described in numerous literature accounts, they provide the opportunity to prepare materials with unique properties.</p><p class="Adressess">In this study the thermal effects of dissolution on the solid nickel in liquid aluminum and formation intermetallic phases was studied by simple experimental procedure. The thermal effects generated by exothermic solid-liquid metal interaction was judged by the rise of temperature in the system. Depending on experimental conditions, two different regimes of behavior were found: solid-liquid interaction leading to the considerable rise of the temperature in the system, and characterized by continuos decrease of the temperature in the system with time. The results of the experiments on the heat effects during the interaction of solid nickel with different particle size and liquid aluminum, with and without external mixing, are presented. It has been shown that, depending on experimental conditions, the evolved heat may influence the structure of a zone near to the solid-liquid interface. The experimental procedure correlates with the practical conditions of semi-industrial production of aluminum-nickel master alloys with relatively high percentage of nickel.</p>

Experimental Studies of In-Situ Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

Experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of using microorganisms in EOR, particularly for the correction of permeability variation. The use of microorganisms requires the ability to transport viable cells as well as the nutrients required for cellular growth through reservoir formations. Nutrients such is glucose, peptone-protein, and phosphate and ammonium ions were transported through brine-saturated Berea sand-stone cores in amounts sufficient to suppose microbial growth. Viable bacterial cells were transported to through sandstone cores of 170-md permeability. Less than1% of the influent cell concentration was recovered in the effluent, indicating a high degree of cell retention inside the core. The addition of nutrients to these cores and subsequent incubation to allow for microbial growth resulted in permeability reductions of 60 to 80%. These data show that the growth of microorganisms significantly reduces the permeability of porous rock. permeability of porous rock. Introduction The major objective of this study is to investigate experimentally thepotential use of microorganisms in oil recovery. In this investigation, potential use of microorganisms in oil recovery. In this investigation, petroleum engineering and microbiology are used to understand the physical petroleum engineering and microbiology are used to understand the physical mechanisms of oil recovery by bacterial processes. One process under study is permeability reduction by the in-situ growth of bacteria as a proposed solution to reservoir heterogeneity problems, specifically permeability variation, that detrimentally affect the performance of waterflood and EOR projects. Numerous investigation have experimentally studied the plugging projects. Numerous investigation have experimentally studied the plugging effect of bacteria on Berea sandstone cores. However, their work dealt with injectivity problems resulting from wellbore plugging caused by bacteria. Theory Reservoir heterogeneity has a significant effect on the oil recovery efficiency of a waterflood or EOR process. The recovery efficiency ( )may be defined as a combination of a microscopic oil-displacement efficiency ( ) and volumetric sweep efficiency ( ). ............................(1) Permeability variation greatly influences the volumetric sweep efficiency Permeability variation greatly influences the volumetric sweep efficiency and its two-dimensional components of areal and vertical sweep efficiency. Reservoir selective plugging techniques developed in the past to modify permeability variations included a wide variety of plugging agents. The permeability variations included a wide variety of plugging agents. The application and success of these methods were limited. Meehan et al. demonstrated that additional oil recovery is possible if the channeling water in a waterflood can be immobilized. The residual oil saturation (ROS) remaining after waterflooding is apotential target for the application of a reservoir selective plugging potential target for the application of a reservoir selective plugging process using the in-situ growth of bacteria. The theoretical concept of process using the in-situ growth of bacteria. The theoretical concept of this process involves the introduction of viable bacteria in the aqueous displacing fluid to be injected into the high- permeability water-sweptzones. The selectivity is based on the experimental evidence that bacteria more readily, plug high-permeability zones since these zones receive a greater proportion of the fluid flow. Once the bacteria are in place, a designed volume of nutrients may be injected into the reservoir to support in-situ metabolism of the bacteria. The result of this metabolism is the production of cellular mass capable of initiating physical plugging. The production of cellular mass capable of initiating physical plugging. The physical plugging results in a reduction of original permeability mid can physical plugging results in a reduction of original permeability mid can be expressed as the ratio of impaired to original permeability. The resumption of injection will result in a diversion of the displacing fluid from plugged high-permeability zones to unswept zones and, thus, improvesweep efficiency. This reduces the ROS, decreases WOR, and increases theultimate recovery of oil in place. The success of an in-situ microbial plugging process depends on the ability to (1) transport the microorganisms plugging process depends on the ability to (1) transport the microorganisms throughout the reservoir rock stratum, (2) transport nutrients required for microbial growth and metabolism and (3) reduce the apparent permeability of the reservoir rock stratum as a result of microbial growth and metabolism. Description of Equipment and Processes Berea sandstone cores obtained from Cleveland Quarrics (Amherst, OH) werecut into cylinders 2 × 8 in. [5 × 20 cm] with a coring device. Cores were either steamcleaned for 2 weeks and then dried or used as received. Each core was coated with epoxy, cast in a resin mold (Evercoat Fiberglassresin), and cut into specified lengths. SPEJ p. 33