How does the Facebook Algorithm rank the contents according to the interaction buttons?

Objective: This research aimed at understanding how social media contents are ranked by the Facebook Algorithm according to interaction buttons. Thecorrelations between Facebook users' interactions and the organic reach of the given content canhelp to gain this aim. Methods: We included 1025 non-paid, Facebook posts (N=1025). We collected thefollowing data in the post level. “Organic reach” is the number of people who saw the given non-paid content. The organicreach consisted of “fanreach” and “non-fan reach” according to previous “pagelike” activity. Theinvestigated interaction data was thefollowing: “Facebook reactions” (e.g., “like”); “shares”; “comments”; “clicks”; and “negative Facebook interactions” (e.g.,posthides). Results: A significant negative correlation was found between organic reach and “like” reaction. We observed the strongest significant positive correlations of organic reach with “comments”, “haha” and “love” reactions. Furthermore, fanreach correlated positively with “comments”, “haha” and “love” reactions, while non-fan reach correlated positively with “shares” and “clicks”. Conclusions: Some interactions on a post level can have higher priority in content ranking: “comments”, “haha”, “love”, and “sad” reactions. This study has shown that “like” reactions and “shares” can have a lower priority in content ranking. Our results suggest that a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (“haha” and “love”reactions, “comments”) and non-fan-specific interactions (“shares” and “clicks”) is needed. Finally, „shares” can generate more non-fans, however, “shares” can result in fewer fans. Thisexploratory research offers animportant insight into the Facebook content ranking for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.

Good journalist, bad blogger? A study on the labeling of paid content in blogs and journalism

This study examines whether journalists and bloggers label paid content. In Germany, as in many other countries, advertorials have to be designated as advertising to enable the target audience to identify the promotional character of the content. This applies both to the traditional mass media and to blogs, for which advertorials provide a key source of income. To date, there have been no empirical findings on the designation practice based on a comparison of journalists and bloggers. The present study presents an online survey in Germany completed by 936 journalists and 463 bloggers in 2017. The results indicate that, in fact, bloggers do not label advertorials less frequently than journalists do: 91.6 % of bloggers and 91.7 % of journalists stated that they label paid content as advertising.

ETHICS AND DATA VERIFICATION ON PAID-CONTENT BLOG (INTERPRETIVE STUDY ON INDONESIAN BLOGGER)

Abstrak. Akhir-akhir ini popularitas penggunaan konten blog berbayar sebagai salah satu marketing konten digital meningkat. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 180 blogger Indonesia yang menawarkan layanan blogger di platform sociabuzz.com per 2019. Pengguna internet sering merujuk pada review produk di blog sebelum membeli produk. Fenomena ini disadari oleh praktisi humas yang menggunakan blog sebagai cara untuk memasarkan produk mereka. Namun, belum ada penelitian terkait penerapan etika blog kepada pembuat konten blog berbayar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis penerapan etika blogger dalam proses pembuatan konten menggunakan empat prinsip etika blogger oleh Cenite dkk. (2009) sebagai unit analisis untuk penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengetahuan blogger akan etika blogger dengan mewawancarai dua pemimpin komunitas blogger di Indonesia dan mengamati cara mereka menulis blog konten berbayar dan konten tidak berbayar. Peneliti mewawancarai mereka tentang proses pembuatan konten, proses verifikasi data, dan empat prinsip etika blogger, yaitu atribusi, akuntabilitas, meminimalkan bahaya, dan pengungkapan kebenaran. Peneliti menemukan bahwa atribusi dianggap penting oleh kedua narasumber, dan proses pengungkapan kebenaran dihindari dalam membuat konten berbayar. Disimpulkan bahwa kedua informan menerapkan standar ganda antara konten berbayar dan tidak berbayar. Abstract. Lately, the popularity of using blog paid-content as one of digital content marketing has risen. Researchers found that there were more than 180 Indonesian bloggers offering blogger services on the sociabuzz.com platform per 2019. Internet users often refer to a product review on a blog before buying products. This phenomenon was realized by public relations practitioners in which using blogs as a way to market their products. However, there has been no research related to the application of blog ethics to the paid blog content creators in Indonesia. This research attempts to analyze the application of ethics as a blogger in the process of content creation using the four ethical principles of bloggers by Cenite et al. (2009) as the unit of analysis for this study. This research analyzed the awareness of bloggers about the ethics of bloggers by interviewing two leaders of the blogger community in Indonesia and observed the way they write a paid-content and non-paid-content blog. Researchers interviewed them about the process of creating content, the data verification process, and the four blogger ethical principles, namely attribution, accountability, minimizing danger, and truth-telling. Researchers found that attribution was considered important by the two speakers, and the truth-disclosure process was avoided in making paid content. It is concluded that both informants applied a double standard between paid and non-paid content.

Money for Nothing and Content for Free?

How can journalism be financed sustainably? This remains the key issue for media companies and news start-ups when they develop and establish digital business models. The authors of this book provide a broad overview of the current state of knowledge on paid content, platforms and the willingness to pay in the field of journalism, and present innovative perspectives on novel platform models as well as on the motives and needs of users of digital journalistic content. Based on empirical research, the book explores recommendations for the user-centred development of paid content as well as new perspectives on the willingness to pay in the field of digital journalism, both of which are relevant for academia and media practice.

Native Advertising

Native advertising has become an increasingly important revenue component for many online journalism publications. Because Web consumers engage in advertising avoidance strategies when using the Web, advertisers have gradually come to rely increasingly on paid advertising that resembles in format, appearance, and content non-advertising content on websites. On news websites, native advertising forms include sponsored content, sponsored homepage links, and sponsored article-referral links. The spread of native advertising news content has led to concern that news consumers fail to recognize it as advertising, and questions about whether it is unethical or deceptive. Contemporary native advertising is not the first content delivered alongside news that blurs the boundaries between editorial and paid promotional content. Print advertorials, which took root in newspapers and magazines in the mid-20th century, are a direct analogue, but host-read ads on radio and television programs, text-based search engine result advertising, and newspaper special advertising sections can all be seen as advertising content designed to feel like non-paid content. However, because contemporary native advertising takes so many different forms, and because practices of disclosure to the user are so varied, there has been a rise in public concern and academic inquiry into the prevalence and effects of native advertising. Native advertising on online news sites has generated a number of ethical concerns from practitioners, media critics, and consumers. On the production side, scholars and practitioners worry that the creation of content on behalf of, or in partnership with, advertisers may erode norms of editorial independence that have governed media organizations’ practices for over half a century. Others are concerned that as consumers become accustomed to seeing articles produced with advertiser input, the credibility of news organizations and trust in their non-advertising content will decrease. Perhaps most prominent have been concerns that native advertising deliberately disables consumers’ ability to recognize advertising elements on a website, rendering advertiser and publisher liable for deceiving consumers. Research on native advertising has focused primarily on understanding how consumers detect and perceive native advertising, with additional streams focused on descriptive analyses of native advertising content and practitioner perspectives. Empirical studies show that many consumers do not recognize native advertising, and that there are substantial differences in how the content is received and trusted between those who recognize it and those who do not. Scholars have also identified characteristics of content, disclosure practices, and individual characteristics that influence the likelihood of advertising recognition.