How does the Facebook Algorithm rank the contents according to the interaction buttons?

Specific Interactions ◽

Interaction Data ◽

Lower Priority ◽

Public Health Professionals ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Paid Content ◽

The Given ◽

Insight Into ◽

Content Ranking

Objective: This research aimed at understanding how social media contents are ranked by the Facebook Algorithm according to interaction buttons. Thecorrelations between Facebook users' interactions and the organic reach of the given content canhelp to gain this aim. Methods: We included 1025 non-paid, Facebook posts (N=1025). We collected thefollowing data in the post level. “Organic reach” is the number of people who saw the given non-paid content. The organicreach consisted of “fanreach” and “non-fan reach” according to previous “pagelike” activity. Theinvestigated interaction data was thefollowing: “Facebook reactions” (e.g., “like”); “shares”; “comments”; “clicks”; and “negative Facebook interactions” (e.g.,posthides). Results: A significant negative correlation was found between organic reach and “like” reaction. We observed the strongest significant positive correlations of organic reach with “comments”, “haha” and “love” reactions. Furthermore, fanreach correlated positively with “comments”, “haha” and “love” reactions, while non-fan reach correlated positively with “shares” and “clicks”. Conclusions: Some interactions on a post level can have higher priority in content ranking: “comments”, “haha”, “love”, and “sad” reactions. This study has shown that “like” reactions and “shares” can have a lower priority in content ranking. Our results suggest that a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (“haha” and “love”reactions, “comments”) and non-fan-specific interactions (“shares” and “clicks”) is needed. Finally, „shares” can generate more non-fans, however, “shares” can result in fewer fans. Thisexploratory research offers animportant insight into the Facebook content ranking for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.

Facebook Users’ Interactions, Organic Reach, and Engagement in a Smoking Cessation Intervention: Content Analysis

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/27853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. e27853

Author(s):

Dávid Pócs ◽

Otília Adamovits ◽

Jezdancher Watti ◽

Róbert Kovács ◽

Oguz Kelemen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Health Interventions ◽

High Rate ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Public Health Interventions ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Given

Background Facebook can be a suitable platform for public health interventions. Facebook users can express their reaction to the given social media content in many ways using interaction buttons. The analysis of these interactions can be advantageous in increasing reach and engagement of public health interventions. Objective This research aimed at understanding how Facebook users’ interactions correlate with organic reach and engagement regarding the same smoking cessation support contents. Methods The study population consisted of Facebook users who were reached by a public smoking cessation support page without advertising. We included 1025 nonpaid Facebook posts (N=1025) which used smoking cessation strategies based on a motivational interviewing counseling style. The following data were collected from the “Post Details”: the number of people who saw the given nonpaid content (organic reach) which consisted of fan and nonfan reach according to previous “page like” activity; each rate of “engagement indicators” (such as the symbols of “like,” “love,” “haha,” “wow,” “sad,” “angry”; or other interactions: “shares,” “comments,” “clicks”); and the rate of negative Facebook interactions (eg, “post hides” or “unlike of page”). Overall, these data were analyzed with the Spearman correlation method. Results Surprisingly, we found a significant negative correlation between organic reach and the “like” reaction (rs=–0.418; P<.001). The strongest significant positive correlations of organic reach were observed with the “haha” reaction (rs=0.396; P<.001), comments (rs=0.368; P<.001), and the “love” reaction (rs=0.264; P<.001). Furthermore, nonfan reach correlated positively with “shares” (rs=0.388; P<.001) and clicks (rs=0.135; P<.001), while fan reach correlated positively with the “haha” reaction (rs=0.457; P<.001), comments (rs=0.393; P<.001), and the “love” reaction (rs=0.310; P<.001). Contrary to expectations, the “like” reaction was sharply separated by significant negative correlations from “wow” (rs=–0.077; P=.013), “sad” (rs=–0.120; P<.001), “angry” reactions (rs=–0.136; P<.001), and comments (rs=–0.130; P<.001). Additionally, a high rate of negative Facebook interactions was significantly associated with “wow” (rs=0.076; P=.016) and “sad” reactions (rs=0.091; P=.003). Conclusions This study has shown that it is possible to hypothesize a disadvantage of the “like” reaction and advantages of other interactions (eg, the “haha” reaction or “comments”) in content algorithmic ranking on Facebook. In addition, the correlational analysis revealed a need of a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (eg, “haha” or “love” reactions) and nonfan-specific interactions (eg, “shares” and “clicks”). Regarding the direction of the correlations, these findings suggest that some interactions (eg, negative Facebook interactions, “wow,” “sad,” and “angry” reactions) may decrease the engagement, while other interactions (“like,” “love,” “haha” reactions, “shares,” and “clicks”) may increase the engagement during Facebook-based smoking cessation interventions. This hypothesis-generating research offers an important insight into the relationship between organic reach, engagement, and Facebook users’ interactions for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.

Facebook Users’ Interactions, Organic Reach, and Engagement in a Smoking Cessation Intervention: Content Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27853 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dávid Pócs ◽

Otília Adamovits ◽

Jezdancher Watti ◽

Róbert Kovács ◽

Oguz Kelemen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Health Interventions ◽

High Rate ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Public Health Interventions ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Given

BACKGROUND Facebook can be a suitable platform for public health interventions. Facebook users can express their reaction to the given social media content in many ways using interaction buttons. The analysis of these interactions can be advantageous in increasing reach and engagement of public health interventions. OBJECTIVE This research aimed at understanding how Facebook users’ interactions correlate with organic reach and engagement regarding the same smoking cessation support contents. METHODS The study population consisted of Facebook users who were reached by a public smoking cessation support page without advertising. We included 1025 nonpaid Facebook posts (N=1025) which used smoking cessation strategies based on a motivational interviewing counseling style. The following data were collected from the “Post Details”: the number of people who saw the given nonpaid content (organic reach) which consisted of fan and nonfan reach according to previous “page like” activity; each rate of “engagement indicators” (such as the symbols of “like,” “love,” “haha,” “wow,” “sad,” “angry”; or other interactions: “shares,” “comments,” “clicks”); and the rate of negative Facebook interactions (eg, “post hides” or “unlike of page”). Overall, these data were analyzed with the Spearman correlation method. RESULTS Surprisingly, we found a significant negative correlation between organic reach and the “like” reaction (rs=–0.418; P<.001). The strongest significant positive correlations of organic reach were observed with the “haha” reaction (rs=0.396; P<.001), comments (rs=0.368; P<.001), and the “love” reaction (rs=0.264; P<.001). Furthermore, nonfan reach correlated positively with “shares” (rs=0.388; P<.001) and clicks (rs=0.135; P<.001), while fan reach correlated positively with the “haha” reaction (rs=0.457; P<.001), comments (rs=0.393; P<.001), and the “love” reaction (rs=0.310; P<.001). Contrary to expectations, the “like” reaction was sharply separated by significant negative correlations from “wow” (rs=–0.077; P=.013), “sad” (rs=–0.120; P<.001), “angry” reactions (rs=–0.136; P<.001), and comments (rs=–0.130; P<.001). Additionally, a high rate of negative Facebook interactions was significantly associated with “wow” (rs=0.076; P=.016) and “sad” reactions (rs=0.091; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that it is possible to hypothesize a disadvantage of the “like” reaction and advantages of other interactions (eg, the “haha” reaction or “comments”) in content algorithmic ranking on Facebook. In addition, the correlational analysis revealed a need of a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (eg, “haha” or “love” reactions) and nonfan-specific interactions (eg, “shares” and “clicks”). Regarding the direction of the correlations, these findings suggest that some interactions (eg, negative Facebook interactions, “wow,” “sad,” and “angry” reactions) may decrease the engagement, while other interactions (“like,” “love,” “haha” reactions, “shares,” and “clicks”) may increase the engagement during Facebook-based smoking cessation interventions. This hypothesis-generating research offers an important insight into the relationship between organic reach, engagement, and Facebook users’ interactions for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.

Mobile-Friendly Dashboards to Display Associations Between Cited-by and Similar Journals on Mobile Health Research: A Bibliometric Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11771 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tsair-Wei Chien ◽

Hsien-Yi Wang ◽

Yang Shao ◽

Willy Chou

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Health Research ◽

Similarity Criteria ◽

Network Density ◽

Deep Insight ◽

Density Indices ◽

The Subject ◽

The Given ◽

BACKGROUND Researchers often spend a great deal of time and effort retrieving related journals for their studies and submissions. Authors often designate one article and then retrieve other articles that are related to the given one using PubMed’s service for finding cited-by or similar articles. However, to date, none present the association between cited-by and similar journals related to a given journal. Authors need one effective and efficient way to find related journals on the topic of mobile health research. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to show the related journals for a given journal by both cited-by and similarity criteria; (2) to present the association between cited-by and similarity journals related to a given journal; (3) to inspect the patterns of network density indices among clusters classified by social network analysis (SNA); (4) to investigate the feature of Kendall's coefficient(W) of concordance. METHODS We obtained 676 abstracts since 2013 from Medline based on the keywords of ("JMIR mHealth and uHealth"[Journal]) on June 30, 2018, and plotted the clusters of related journals on Google Maps by using MS Excel modules. The features of network density indices were examined. The Kendall coefficient (W) was used to assess the concordance of clusters across indices. RESULTS This study found that (1) the journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth are easily presented on dashboards; (2) a mild association(=0.14) exists between cited-by and similar journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth; (3) the median Impact Factor were 3.37 and 2.183 based on the representatives of top ten clusters grouped by the cited-by and similar journals, respectively; (4) all Kendall’s coefficients(i.e., 0.82, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.75) for the four sets of density centrality have a statistically significant concordance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SNA provides deep insight into the relationships of related journals to a given journal. The results of this research can provide readers with a knowledge and concept diagram to use with future submissions to a given journal in the subject category of Mobile Health Research. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

Constitutional Dilemma of Pakistan: 1947 -1956

Global Legal Studies Review ◽

10.31703/glsr.2018(iii-i).01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol III (I) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Manzoor Ahmad ◽

Syed Asif Anwar Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Political Leadership ◽

Deep Insight ◽

Constitutional Development ◽

The World ◽

Refugee Problem ◽

The Right ◽

The Given ◽

The Relationship ◽

Soon after its creation, Pakistan confronted many issues including refugee problem, scarcity of able political leadership, absence of mutual consensus between both wings of the country and confusing nature of the relationship between Islam and state etc. took almost nine years to frame the permanent constitution for Pakistan. Constitution, the basic document of a state, determines the shape of its laws, structure of governance and system of rights and duties. The effectiveness of a constitution is judged by its practicability in the given area where it is enforced by the state machinery. Although, all civilized states of the world do possess a constitution, yet a good constitution is one which must protect the basic human rights by ensuring the independence of judiciary. Due to countless hurdles at the beginning of its journey, Pakistan’s constitutional development in the right direction could not take place. The main objective of the present study is to provide deep insight into the events and factors causing a delay in the constitution-making for the newly created state of Pakistan. The various events which took place from 1947 to 1956 have been analyzed in a subtle way.

Scientific methods of public administration in migration research

Belügyi Szemle ◽

10.38146/bsz.spec.2020.2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 109-122

Author(s):

András László Szabó

Keyword(s):

Public Administration ◽

Research Methods ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Point Of View ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Migration Research ◽

Independent Field ◽

The Subject ◽

The Given ◽

In my study, I list the directions of migration research, all from the point of view of public administration science. The emergence of migration research as an independent field is necessitated by the growth of migration. Researchers are researching the phenomenon of migration from their own field. Public administration uses a multidisciplinary, i.e. methodological approach of several disciplines, all of which is determined by the knowledge and nature of the subject of the given research. In the following, I review and evaluate the methodological directions of the research, which can provide an answer to a segment of the phenomenon of migration. The study gives an insight into research methods for migration research. It is not intended to present specific examples and procedures. At the end of the study, in possible directions, beyond the science of public administration, I list the organizations and faculties that are able to use the methodology of migration research.

UNDERSTANDING BLOGGERS POSTING ABOUT POP CULTURE: LINGUAPRAGMATICS OF «UNPOPULAR OPINION» IN THE ENGLISH INTERNET-DISCOURSE

Human Being Image and Essence Humanitarian Aspects ◽

10.31249/chel/2021.02.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.V. Kukovskaya

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Pop Culture ◽

Computer Mediated ◽

The Subject ◽

The Given ◽

Insight Into ◽

Blog Posts ◽

Subcultural Community

The paper explores communication within the English blogosphere in which the discourse manifests itself in blog posts, devoted, in particular, to reactions to a variety of pop-culture works. These posts are characterized by specific linguapragmatics. The article examines the language and the discourse of bloggers from the standpoint of the Linguistic Creativity approach, which may help to have an in-depth insight into the mechanisms of cognitive processes. The topicality of this topic is justified by the interest that modern linguists have in text studies, discourse analysis and computer-mediated Internet-discourse. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that the given discourse and the linguapragmatics of the posts in question in the English blogosphere have not so far received the attention they deserve and should be the subject of more research and analysis. The paper supplies relevant conclusions made on the basis of the empiric material. The research demonstrates that within the English Internet-discourse of bloggers, who interpret modern pop culture and can be considered a subcultural community, among other types of posts there can be singled out the so-called “unpopular opinion”, that boasts a number of linguapragmatic peculiarities coinciding with the communicative goals of bloggers. Decoding such posts may be a challenge and we, among other things, want to draw researchers’ attention to the “language of bloggers” and its study.

Block-Finite Orthomodular Lattices

Canadian Journal of Mathematics ◽

10.4153/cjm-1979-090-6 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 961-985 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Günter Bruns

Keyword(s):

Orthomodular Lattice ◽

Boolean Algebras ◽

Orthomodular Lattices ◽

Special Situation ◽

The Given ◽

Insight Into ◽

Considerable Insight

Introduction. Every orthomodular lattice (abbreviated : OML) is the union of its maximal Boolean subalgebras (blocks). The question thus arises how conversely Boolean algebras can be amalgamated in order to obtain an OML of which the given Boolean algebras are the blocks. This question we deal with in the present paper.The problem was first investigated by Greechie [6, 7, 8, 9]. His technique of pasting [6] will also play an important role in this paper. A case solved completely by Greechie [9] is the case that any two blocks intersect either in the bounds only or have the bounds, an atom and its complement in common. This is, of course, a very special situation. The more surprising it is that Greechie's methods, if skillfully applied, yield considerable insight into the structure of OMLs and provide a seemingly unexhaustible source for counter-examples.

Correlates and Mediators of Dissociation: Towards a Transtheoretical Perspective

Imagination Cognition and Personality ◽

10.1177/0276236620956284 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 027623662095628

Author(s):

Damla E. Aksen ◽

Craig Polizzi ◽

Steven Jay Lynn

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Unique Variance ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Bidirectional Relations ◽

Mediational Role

We evaluated variables important to understanding dissociation ( N = 379 undergraduates). We investigated: (a) the correlations among dissociation and impulsivity, alexithymia, mindfulness, negative affect, neuroticism, sleep disturbances, and emotion dysregulation; (b) unique variance of these variables in statistically predicting dissociation scores; and (c) the statistical mediational role of emotion dysregulation and sleep in explaining dissociation. We found significant positive correlations between dissociation and emotion dysregulation, sleep, alexithymia, negative affect, impulsivity, and neuroticism as well as a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and dissociation, consistent with Lynn et al . Sleep, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and negative affect uniquely related to and explained significant variance in dissociation, in order from most to least variance accounted for. Sleep partially mediated the relation between emotion dysregulation and dissociation and the relation between impulsivity and dissociation. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated the relation between sleep and dissociation and the relation between impulsivity and dissociation. Additional findings provided support for bidirectional relations between sleep experiences and dissociation and emotion dysregulation and dissociation.

Deconstructing and repurposing the light-regulated interplay between Arabidopsis phytochromes and interacting factors

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-019-0687-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Golonka ◽

Patrick Fischbach ◽

Siddhartha G. Jena ◽

Julius R. W. Kleeberg ◽

Lars-Oliver Essen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Red Light ◽

Interaction Data ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Membrane Recruitment ◽

C Terminus ◽

Regulated Gene Expression ◽

Insight Into ◽

Differential Affinity

AbstractPhytochrome photoreceptors mediate adaptive responses of plants to red and far-red light. These responses generally entail light-regulated association between phytochromes and other proteins, among them the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF). The interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B (AtPhyB) localizes to the bipartite APB motif of the A. thaliana PIFs (AtPIF). To address a dearth of quantitative interaction data, we construct and analyze numerous AtPIF3/6 variants. Red-light-activated binding is predominantly mediated by the APB N-terminus, whereas the C-terminus modulates binding and underlies the differential affinity of AtPIF3 and AtPIF6. We identify AtPIF variants of reduced size, monomeric or homodimeric state, and with AtPhyB affinities between 10 and 700 nM. Optogenetically deployed in mammalian cells, the AtPIF variants drive light-regulated gene expression and membrane recruitment, in certain cases reducing basal activity and enhancing regulatory response. Moreover, our results provide hitherto unavailable quantitative insight into the AtPhyB:AtPIF interaction underpinning vital light-dependent responses in plants.

A Review of Charge Pump Topologies for the Power Management of IoT Nodes

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8050480 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 480 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Andrea Ballo ◽

Alfio Dario Grasso ◽

Gaetano Palumbo

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Power Management ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Charge Pump ◽

The State ◽

Data Driven ◽

Design Specifications ◽

The Given ◽

With the aim of providing designer guidelines for choosing the most suitable solution, according to the given design specifications, in this paper a review of charge pump (CP) topologies for the power management of Internet of Things (IoT) nodes is presented. Power management of IoT nodes represents a challenging task, especially when the output of the energy harvester is in the order of few hundreds of millivolts. In these applications, the power management section can be profitably implemented, exploiting CPs. Indeed, presently, many different CP topologies have been presented in literature. Finally, a data-driven comparison is also provided, allowing for quantitative insight into the state-of-the-art of integrated CPs.