Juvenile crime: causes and consequences

Juvenile criminality has always been of a great interest as a phenomenon. This fact can be explained as like the young people are the reserves of humanity, On it depends the continuity of development of the entire society. But the crimes made by juveniles prove that they are characterized by the negative socialization, unsatisfactory education and because of this their integration In the social life increase a lot of problems. More than that, Juvenile criminality is an index of the degradation of the society. Studying the problems of juvenile delinquency, as well as general crime, requires consideration of the concrete situation - political and socio-economic, on the background of which criminogenic processes are formed and developed. Unfortunately, we must recognize that the current political and socio-economic background clearly negatively influences the youth environment, including adolescents. A constant trend towards the worsening economic living conditions of most of the country’s population, including minor children, leads to an increase in the level of psycho-emotional overload and the intensification of the crisis in family relationships. In turn, these circumstances contribute to the emergence of child neglect as a social phenomenon.

Juvenile Criminality: Evidence From Prisoners in Two Brazilian States

The aim of this article is to identify the socioeconomic context that can influence young peoples’ decision to engage in crime. The sample is composed of youngsters (aged between 18 and 23 years old) convicted or detained in an interim regime accused of property crimes, serving a sentence in Brazilian prison units. A survey with 302 respondents was conducted in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. Logistic regression models reveal that a young people’s family composition, use a firearm, be motivated by the idea of easy gain, have a favorable attitude toward drug legalization, and consume alcohol—all factors contribute to an increased probability of the young person engage in crime. This article finalizes with a discussion of the results and policy implications.

SOCIJALNA ZAŠTITA KAO DEO FORMALNE DRUŠTVENE REAKCIJE NA KRIMINALITET MALOLETNIKA

Social work and crime prevention are synergistically linked: crime prevention and treatment of offenders are an integral part of social policy, and solving social problems is a strong factor in crime prevention, which is why social work presents an important segment of the formal social response to crime. Social protection institutions have a particularly important role in combating juvenile delinquency. The paper analyzes the place and role of social work and social protection services in the formal reaction of society to juvenile criminality in the context of contemporary criminological knowledge about the etiology of juvenile delinquency. The situation, problems and perspectives of social work in the function of prevention of juvenile criminality in Serbia are especially analyzed.

A Restorative Response to Victims in Proceedings before the International Criminal Court: Reality or Chimaera?

The integration of the framework of victims’ participation into the legal proceeding of the International Criminal Court (icc) has been seen as a transformation of the icc process beyond narrow retribution to better accommodate restorative justice (rj) values and practices. However, there is little research into whether, or how the icc metes out rj. This article argues that rj principles brought within icc emphasise the growing importance that victims’ participation in proceedings plays in achieving justice for victims. It then examines how the icc process aligns to the key elements of rj practice, namely victim-offender meeting; offender’s acknowledgement of responsibility and apology; collaborative conflict-resolution approach; victims’ healing and reconciliation; symbolic reparation and material restitution. This article demonstrates that these elements, developed to address ordinary juvenile criminality, are not structured to operate in the particular context of the icc, characterised by grave harm caused to victims and communities by mass atrocity.

Peers of independence: delinquent behavior of minors (1990s — early 2000s)

The article attempts to analyze the social phenomenon of juvenile crime as a structural component of adult crime from the point of view in terms of identifying its causes and consequences, as well as the possibility of finding ways to prevent it, not only among the current adolescent generation and youth, but also among future generations. It is noted that the teenage cohort of the generation of peers of independence, which was formed in 2001–2009 — these are Ukrainians born in the 1990s, whose socialization took place during the period of anomie of Ukrainian society, and, consequently, their consciousness was formed under the influence of values and pseudo-values that were contradictory in their content. It is concluded that the social nature of juvenile criminality is due to historical variability, as well as a system of causes and factors that determine its appearance. Taking into account the statistical distributions of the total number and types of crimes committed by minors or with their participation, it has been proved that they, to a certain extent, reflect the laws of the development of society, since they are determined by the state and changes in material, social and spiritual conditions of life. It was also determined that juvenile crime is characterized by a high degree of latency due to the peculiarities of the legal and physical status of minors, the "regulation" of statistical indicators in investigative and judicial practice, and the real scale of the spread of juvenile criminality is several times higher than its registered component.

CORRELATION OF JUVENILE CRIMINALITY AND YOUTH EXTREMISM

Введение: статья посвящена исследованию взаимосвязи криминогенности несовершеннолетних и проявлений экстремизма в молодежной среде. Так, проблемы молодежного экстремизма предлагается рассматривать в спектре характеристик криминологического явления, тесно соседствующего с преступностью несовершеннолетних. Материалы и методы: методологическую основу настоящей статьи составил всеобщий диалектический метод познания особенностей, специфики молодежного экстремизма. Были применены общенаучные методы познания: историко-правовой метод, метод дифференциации, обобщение, сравнение, системно-структурный анализ и частнонаучные методы познания, представленные анализом данных уголовной и судебной статистики, изучением документов (материалов уголовных дел). Результаты исследования: в статье сформулировано авторское понимание того, что возникновение молодежного экстремизма кроется в сложных процессах детерминации преступности несовершеннолетних, которые базируются на экстремальности сознания лиц несовершеннолетнего возраста, так как именно несовершеннолетние являются возрастной группой, которая «заражается» экстремистскими идеями в силу присущего им экстремальности сознания. Данная возрастная группа является объектом пропагандистского воздействия и «кадровым резервом» экстремистских организаций и экстремистских акций. Обсуждение и заключения: авторы статьи приходят к выводу, что слияние предпочтений к интернет- технологиям, общение в online-пространстве и даже зависимости от них лиц несовершеннолетнего возраста выступает обстоятельством, обеспечивающим развитие идеологии экстремизма в целом.

Ascertaining the Influence of Government Dynamics on Juvenile Criminality in Nakuru Sub-County, Kenya

The issue of juveniles engaging in criminality is rampant and it is considered as one of the problems and concerns in Nakuru County Kenya. The study focused on ascertaining the influence of government dynamics on juvenile criminality in the Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The target population was 144 individuals that included 73 police officers from Bondeni police station, 35 juveniles drawn from children remand home, 35 parents/guardians of the said juveniles, and one chief from Bondeni location. The researcher selected a sample size of 102 respondents composed of 62 police officers, 32 juveniles, seven parents/guardians, and one chief. The researcher used a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect data. The validity of this study was achieved through a thorough consultation with the supervisors and other specialists. Reliability was used to focus on the degree to which empirical indicators are stable and consistent. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research instruments. An alpha coefficient value of 0.7 suggested the instrument is reliable. The study adopted the mixed research methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found out that there was a positive association between all the measures of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county. The government dynamics that I focused on included: Government policy, Government support, and Government partnership with other stakeholders. The study concluded that there was an influence of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The study recommends that the government should make efforts to encourage positive partnerships with other stakeholders in order to reduce juvenile criminality. Therefore, there is a need for the juvenile department to improve its policies and expected performance in regard to juvenile criminality.

Technologies for the Safety of Adolescent

The focus of this paper is to describe a case concerning the key role of security technologies to observe, describe and some way record teenagers’ behaviors and social action at school, at home and in the daily life as a whole. A kind of security “public eye” to protect/control them is pivotal especially according to some High School Policies in Italy aimed to cancel each “blind spot” or “black hole” from the youngsters’ daily life to facilitate cross double checking among parents, relatives, social networks and teachers. In Italy the deviance of youth is increasing and the crime cases involving very young boys, like baby gangs and teenagers working for organized crime are growing rapidly. Among robberies, theft, and dang pushing the juvenile criminality in the Campania Region (an Italian Southern Region) continues to represent a critical point in this society and is unfortunately increasing. The family plays a key role and inside it often baby gangsters, whose parents are completely unaware of what is happening in their children’s lives. “Between school and family” is a project that aspires at tracing a connection between the school and the family thanks to the influence of new technologies and the way in which they influence the interpersonal relationships. What will be, for example, if every school place a fingerprint reader?