scholarly journals Ascertaining the Influence of Government Dynamics on Juvenile Criminality in Nakuru Sub-County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Justus Odongo Kiche
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Juvenile Criminality ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
The Government

The issue of juveniles engaging in criminality is rampant and it is considered as one of the problems and concerns in Nakuru County Kenya. The study focused on ascertaining the influence of government dynamics on juvenile criminality in the Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The target population was 144 individuals that included 73 police officers from Bondeni police station, 35 juveniles drawn from children remand home, 35 parents/guardians of the said juveniles, and one chief from Bondeni location. The researcher selected a sample size of 102 respondents composed of 62 police officers, 32 juveniles, seven parents/guardians, and one chief. The researcher used a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect data. The validity of this study was achieved through a thorough consultation with the supervisors and other specialists. Reliability was used to focus on the degree to which empirical indicators are stable and consistent. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research instruments. An alpha coefficient value of 0.7 suggested the instrument is reliable. The study adopted the mixed research methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found out that there was a positive association between all the measures of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county. The government dynamics that I focused on included: Government policy, Government support, and Government partnership with other stakeholders. The study concluded that there was an influence of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The study recommends that the government should make efforts to encourage positive partnerships with other stakeholders in order to reduce juvenile criminality. Therefore, there is a need for the juvenile department to improve its policies and expected performance in regard to juvenile criminality.

scholarly journals Police Victimization and Insecurity in Mathare North Nairobi City County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Jairus Mutinda Kilatya ◽  
Cyprian Kavivya
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

Police victimization is one of the growing cases in Kenya. There are reported cases of police being subjected to beatings and assault by citizens particularly in the low-income areas in Nairobi. Most of these reported cases have been traced to police actions, perceptions of community towards the police and even inadequate resources that the police use. These in turn affect the security situation. It is upon this backdrop that this study envisaged to scrutinize police victimization and security in Mathare North, Nairobi City County. The specific objectives of the research were; to examine the categories of police victimization and their implications on security in Mathare North, to analyze the causes of police victimization and their implications on security in Mathare North, and to evaluate the state of security in Mathare North and how it could be related to police victimization. The life style theory of victimization was used in the research. An exploratory research design based on primary data method was relied on in the study. In conducting this research, the target population was 321 police officers in Mathare North, Nairobi City County comprising of the 147 General Duty Police, 101 traffic police and 73 Administration Police. A sample size of 97police officers was selected from the target populace of Mathare North, Nairobi City County. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires while the analysis employing descriptive and content analysis. The test for reliability showed that the variables used were reliable (Cronbach alpha was 0.759). The outcome from the study revealed that killings of the police was the main form of police victimization as shown by mean of 3.9829, followed by intimidation of police with mean of 3.7358 and assaults with mean of 3.6470. Sixty-three (63) respondents duly filled the questionnaires representing 64 percent of the total respondents. The findings revealed that the main causes of police victimization were proliferation of illegal firearms among civilians, lack of adherence to the justice system, corruption in the police, human rights violations and lack of public trust in the police. The findings revealed further that government support was necessary and influenced the relationship between police victimization and insecurity in Mathare North as shown by mean of 3.7437. The respondents agreed at mean of 3.7426 that police victimization negatively affect the security of Mathare North. A correlation test was also done and revealed that police killings, assaults on police and intimidation of police were significantly and positively correlated with insecurity based on their correlation coefficients of 0.476, 0.512 and 0.495 respectively. A regression analysis was also carried out and from the findings; police killings had a significant and positive effect on the insecurity of Mathare North with regression coefficient being 0.899 and p value of 0.006. Assault on the police had a significant and positive effect on insecurity of Mathare North as shown by regression coefficient of 1.020 and p value of 0.001. Intimidation of police had a positive and significant effect on the insecurity of Mathare North with a regression coefficient of 0.894 and p value of 0.004. The study recommends that the government should strengthen collaboration between the National Police Service and civilians in Mathare North to prevent cases of insecurity arising from police victimization. The study further recommends that the government must improve on its support in terms of equipment’s to the police in the area so that they can be able to defend themselves while maintaining the security in Mathare. Future studies should focus on other low-income settlements in Nairobi and major towns in Kenya.

scholarly journals Utilization and Dissemination of Information Resources in District Information and Documentation Centres in Kisumu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Doris Nellyanne Wesonga ◽  
Peter Wamae
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Government

Access to government-related information through District Information and Documentation Centres (DIDCs) is essential in monitoring development programs in counties and the nation at large. However, Kenyans remain detached from the government because of low levels of accountability. Low levels of accountability are associated with corruption, mismanagement, and poor service delivery which are likely to slow down development projects in the sub-counties. This study sought to assess utilization and dissemination of information resources in DIDCs in Kisumu County. This study aimed to: determine the level of awareness among users of DIDCs, establish the extent to which users utilize DIDCs, describe the strategies that DIDC staff employ to facilitate user utilization of information resources in DIDCs, and examine the challenges that DIDC staff face in providing information to users. The study was guided by Richard Oliver’s Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory. This study employed the descriptive survey design and mixed-methods approach to investigate the research objectives. The study was conducted in four sub-counties of Kisumu County: Kisumu Central, Seme, Muhoroni, and Nyando. The sub-counties were purposely selected because they host DIDCs in densely populated areas in their respective ministries with a target population of 205,935. Using Taro Yarmane’s formula, the study used a sample of 400 users and 20 DIDC staff. Random sampling was used to select participants of the study. DIDC User Questionnaires and DIDC Staff Interview Schedule were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The data collection instruments were piloted with 10% of the participants. Reliability was determined using the test-retest method. Construct validity of the data collection instruments was ensured by deriving the questionnaire items from evidence presented in literature relevant to this study. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics like frequency tables and percentages. Qualitative data was categorized into themes and sub-themes as they emerged to make meaningful narratives for purposes of triangulating the quantitative results. Findings suggest that a significant number of users lack awareness on the products and services offered by DIDCs. This is associated with reduced visits and utilization of information resources in DIDCs. The study recommends use of workshops and open-days to create awareness about the products and services, and adequate funding for staffing and procurement of current and relevant documents. Librarians, information technologists, and records management personnel, and policy makers may use the findings of this study to improve service delivery for user awareness and utilization, and enhance users’ experiences in using government documentation centres for information seeking.

scholarly journals How Does Voluntary Contact with the Police Produce Distrust? Evidence from the French Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Victor Le Le Franc ◽  
Alexis Spire
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Police Station ◽  
French Case ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, this article points out the effects that instances of contact with the police can produce on the relationship with this public institution. The quantitative analysis highlights that trust in the police depends on social variables, such as political orientation, level of resources, age, and religion, but also on the frequency of direct contact with this institution. Being summoned to a police station is significantly associated with distrust in the police, and self-initiated contacts also promote distrust toward the police. Our qualitative data, collected through participant observation and interviews, provide a further insight into these results. The interaction between the police and governed people has two dimensions that may explain the production of distrust. On the one hand, the interaction involves a relationship of domination by the police, which is manifested by a demand on the part of the police for docility from the complainants. On the other hand, it involves a relationship of service, which gives rise to an expectation of recognition on the part of governed people, an expectation that is rarely satisfied. These everyday interactions do not necessarily translate into judgments about the fairness of police officers. Such feelings of frustration and dispossession should be taken into consideration in understanding how trust is affected by these voluntary contacts.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Yuridis Kriminologis Kekerasan Seksual Tahanan Perempuan di Kantor Kepolisian

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Ghani Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Adjacent Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
City Police

Kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap tahanan perempuan masih sering terjadi di beberapa kantor kepolisian diantaranya di Markas Kepolisian Sektor Kota Wajo, Markas Kepolisian Resor Poso dan Markas Kepolisian Resor Kota Jayapura. Pelakunya ternyata tidak hanya dilakukan oleh tahanan laki-laki saja namun ditemui juga bahwa aparat petugas kepolisian turut menjadi pelakunya. Oleh karena itu timbul beberapa permasalahan diantaranya adalah faktor apa saja yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kekerasan seksual terhadap tahanan perempuan di dalam kantor kepolisian dan upaya hukum apa saja yang dapat dilakukan sebagai wujud perlindungan hukum terhadap tahanan perempuan khususnya yang menjadi korban kekerasan seksual di dalam tahanan kantor kepolisian. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, kasus kekerasan seksual ini disebabkan oleh adanya faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal diantaranya seperti faktor kejiwaan, kebutuhan biologis dan moral dari para si pelaku itu sendiri sedangkan faktor eksternalnya adalah adanya kesempatan yang didapat oleh pelaku seperti kelalaian/lemahnya penjagaan yang dilakukan oleh aparat petugas kepolisian dan faktor letak ruang sel tahanan laki-laki dan perempuan yang berada pada posisi berdekatan. Untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi kekerasan seksual tersebut, maka diperlukan adanya suatu upaya-upaya yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak pemerintah dan lembaga kepolisian yaitu dengan memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana penahanan di kantor kepolisian dan memperketat pengawasan atau penjagaan tahanan.Cases of sexual violence against female detainees are still common in several police stations such as at the Wajo City Police Station, Poso City Police Station and Jayapura City Police Station. The crimes are not committed by male detainees only but also by the police officers. Hence arise some problems what are the factors that become the cause of sexual violence against female detainees in police stations and what kind of remedy that can be taken as a form of legal protection towards female detainees particularly the victims of sexual violence at the police station. From the results of research by the author, cases of sexual violence against female detainees are caused by internal and external factors. Internal factors such as psychological factors, biological needs and moral of the offender itself, while external factors are the opportunities gained by actors such as omission or lack of security of the police officers and the location between male and female cell at the adjacent position. To prevent and combat sexual violence against female detainees, it is necessary to have an effort that must be undertaken by the government and police agencies such as improving the facilities and infrastructure of the detention center at the police station and tighten the supervision or security of detainess. 

scholarly journals EXTENT OF CODE-SWITCHING OF ENGLISH AND KISWAHILI DURING ENGLISH LESSONS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ELDORET WEST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 568-576
Author(s):  
Mutai Susan ◽  
◽  
J. Rono ◽  
Audrey Matere ◽  
Julia Situma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Descriptive Survey

English is a language of international communication hence it has special place in educational systems of most countries in the world. In Kenya, English is a language of instruction as well as examinable subject in Kenyan schools. In addition, Kiswahili is a national language which is used by both learners and teachers leading to code-switching. The purpose of the paper was to establish the extent of code-switching in English and Kiswahili during English lessons in public primary schools. The study adopted descriptive survey design and mixed methods approach. The target population was 243 teachers of English, 64 grade three teachers and 2176 learners in primary schools in Eldoret West Sub-County, Kenya. The sample size was 33 teachers of English, 8 grade three teachers and 292 learners. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through the use of questionnaires, interviews and observation schedule. Piloting of research instruments was conducted in the nearby Wareng Sub County which shares similar characteristics as the study area. Validity was ensured through expert judgment while reliability was tested using Cronbachs alpha coefficient after piloting. The data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics frequencies and percentages while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found out that majority (56.5%) of teachers used code switching most of the time while explaining meaning of words and most (50.4%) of the teachers of English used code switching as a way of explaining grammar in an explicit manner while most (41.2%) of the teachers used code switching to introduce unfamiliar topics to learners during English lessons. The findings will benefit the Government of Kenya in formulating language policies for schools. The study will also be of significance to teachers of English in coming up with the strategies to boost performance of English.

scholarly journals Availability of ICT Facilities and Teachers’ Competence in the Use of ICT among Public Secondary Schools in Ngara District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Faith Fidelis ◽  
Daniel Oduor Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
The Government

This study sought to establish the availability of ICT facilities and teachers competence in the use of ICT among public secondary schools in Ngara, Tanzania. The study employed a mixed research approach in that interview schedule and questionnaire were employed as sources of data. The population of the study was 525 stakeholders from 31 secondary schools, including the DEO, the WEO, the Heads of schools, ICT manager and teachers. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used to determine the sample of 84 respondents from four randomly selected schools. Qualitative data was analyzed based on themes while quantitative data was analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that the schools faced non availability of ICT facilities and internet connection. They also faced limited electricity supply and limited funds for maintenance of facilities. Furthermore, a significant number of teachers did not have competence in any of the aspects of computer. Very few could use internet while another few had some competence in hardware and programming. Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other education stakeholders should organize for seminars and workshop for capacity building so that teachers may gain knowledge and competence in the use of ICT facilities. The Ministry of Education should allocate funds for buying ICT facilities and devices and for maintenances.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF ARTICLE 151: ITS PROPENSITY RATE IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Odessa G. Lacanilao
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Common Policies ◽  
The Government

This study was conducted to determine the propensity rate of Article 151 in times of pandemic, the common policies violated and the difficulties met by the police in the implementation of Community Quarantine policies. The researcher used a descriptive design of methodology by using a questionnaire-checklist. The respondents of the study were the Police Officers assigned at the Cabanatuan City Police Station. As can be deduced from the study, the common crimes committed was Resisting Authorities (Violations of Art. 151). As the government modified social interactions, the police implemented new safety measures. The changes brought some remarkable resistance to some individuals. Resistance to change is usual as we ask people to walk out from their comfort zones. The changes carried out some remarkable resistance to some people. With regard to the common community quarantine policies violated; the violations of city- wide night curfew is the most dominant. For the difficulties met by the Law Enforcers; vulnerable to physical and personal hazard such as the risk of getting infected as well as their families is the most significant. Police Officers are on the frontlines . Therefore, they are expected to earnestly implement the safety protocols. As such, a high-risk of exposure and contamination from the virus is very possible for the Law Enforcers. KEYWORDS: `incidence, Article 151, Pandemic, Resisting Authorities

The Systemic Effects of Prudential Regulation Toughening:The Results of a Stress-test for Russian Banks

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mamonov ◽  
A. Pestova ◽  
O. Solntsev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Prudential Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability

The stability of Russian banking sector is threatened by three negative tendencies - overheating of the credit market, significant decrease of banks capital adequacy ratios, and growing problems associated with banks lending to affiliated non-financial corporations. The co-existence of these processes reflects the crisis of the model of private investments in Russian banking sector, which was observed during the last 20 years. This paper analyzes the measures of the Bank of Russia undertaken to maintain the stability of the banking sector using the methodology of credit risk stress-testing. Based on this methodology we conclude that the Bank of Russias actions can prevent the overheating of the credit market, but they can also lead to undesirable effects: further expansion of the government ownership in Russian banking sector and substitution of domestic credit supply by cross-border corporate borrowings. The later weakens the competitive positions of Russian banks. We propose a set of measures to harmonize the prudential regulation of banks. Our suggestions rely on design and further implementation of the programs aimed at developing new markets for financial services provided by Russian banks to their corporate and retail customers. The estimated effects of proposed policy measures are both the increase in profitability and capitalization of Russian banks and the decrease of banks demand for government support.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

Managing Caregiver Burden among Families of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisi Okikiade Oyegbile ◽  
Petra Brysiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Family caregivers of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) play a significant role in providing substantial care for a prolonged period for their sick relatives, often with very limited resources, making it a difficult environment. Government support for family caregivers of patients with ESRD is lacking in Nigeria, increasing their vulnerability to caregiver burden and its consequences. An action research study using a complimentary mixed-method approach was used to develop the intervention model for managing caregiver burden. Quantitative data were collected to measure the extent of caregiver burden using a Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire for 96 family caregivers, while individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants provided the qualitative data. Integrating the quantitative and qualitative data led to the identification of four moderators to manage the caregiver burden in this study. The model for managing caregiver burden was developed from the findings, using stressors and associated moderators of caregiving, and the role played by culture and finance in this context. An implementation checklist was developed, which was used by registered nurses to implement the concepts in the model with the family caregivers during the model implementation phase. Family caregivers of patients with ESRD need to be supported by nurses during the caregiving process. Nurses can increase caregivers’ identity and knowledge of the disease as a way of preventing the family caregivers from being overwhelmed by their caregiving role.

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