scholarly journals Metrological Characterization and Comparison of D415, D455, L515 RealSense Devices in the Close Range

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7770
Author(s):  
Michaela Servi ◽  
Elisa Mussi ◽  
Andrea Profili ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Yary Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Reconstruction Quality ◽  
Close Range

RGB-D cameras are employed in several research fields and application scenarios. Choosing the most appropriate sensor has been made more difficult by the increasing offer of available products. Due to the novelty of RGB-D technologies, there was a lack of tools to measure and compare performances of this type of sensor from a metrological perspective. The recent ISO 10360-13:2021 represents the most advanced international standard regulating metrological characterization of coordinate measuring systems. Part 13, specifically, considers 3D optical sensors. This paper applies the methodology of ISO 10360-13 for the characterization and comparison of three RGB-D cameras produced by Intel® RealSense™ (D415, D455, L515) in the close range (100–1500 mm). ISO 10360-13 procedures, which focus on metrological performances, are integrated with additional tests to evaluate systematic errors (acquisition of flat objects, 3D reconstruction of objects). The present paper proposes an off-the-shelf comparison which considers the performance of the sensors throughout their acquisition volume. Results have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of each device. The D415 device showed better reconstruction quality on tests strictly related to the short range. The L515 device performed better on systematic depth errors; finally, the D455 device achieved better results on tests related to the standard.

scholarly journals Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Chiara Santarelli ◽  
Michaela Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
New Device ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Machine Interaction

Low-cost RGB-D cameras are increasingly used in several research fields including human-machine interaction, safety, robotics, biomedical engineering and even Reverse Engineering applications. Among the plethora of commercial devices, the Intel RealSense cameras proved to be among the best suitable devices, providing a good compromise between cost, ease of use, compactness and precision. Released on the market in January 2018, the new Intel model RealSense D415 has a wide acquisition range (i.e. ~160-10000 mm) and a narrow field of view to capture objects in rapid motion. Given the unexplored potential of this new device, especially when used as a 3D scanner, the present work aims to characterize and to provide metrological considerations on the RealSense D415. In particular, tests are carried out to assess the device performances in the near range (i.e. 100-1000 mm). Characterization is performed by integrating the guidelines of the existing standard (i.e. the German VDI/VDE 2634 part 2 normative) with a number of literature-based strategies. Performance analysis is finally compared against latest close-range sensors, thus providing a useful guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to use RGB-D cameras in Reverse Engineering applications.

scholarly journals Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Chiara Santarelli ◽  
Michaela Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
New Device ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Machine Interaction

Low-cost RGB-D cameras are increasingly being used in several research fields, including human–machine interaction, safety, robotics, biomedical engineering and even reverse engineering applications. Among the plethora of commercial devices, the Intel RealSense cameras have proven to be among the most suitable devices, providing a good compromise between cost, ease of use, compactness and precision. Released on the market in January 2018, the new Intel model RealSense D415 has a wide acquisition range (i.e., ~160–10,000 mm) and a narrow field of view to capture objects in rapid motion. Given the unexplored potential of this new device, especially when used as a 3D scanner, the present work aims to characterize and to provide metrological considerations for the RealSense D415. In particular, tests are carried out to assess the device performance in the near range (i.e., 100–1000 mm). Characterization is performed by integrating the guidelines of the existing standard (i.e., the German VDI/VDE 2634 Part 2) with a number of literature-based strategies. Performance analysis is finally compared against the latest close-range sensors, thus providing a useful guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to use RGB-D cameras in reverse engineering applications.

Development of a prototype for modelling soil–pipe interaction and its application for predicting uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1451-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Ansari ◽  
George Kouretzis ◽  
Scott W. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Uplift Resistance

This paper presents a testing rig for measuring the reactions on rigid pipes buried in sand during episodes of relative displacement. Following a detailed presentation of the 1g prototype, the test preparation procedure, and the characterization of the test sand’s shear strength and dilation potential under the low confining stresses pertinent to the problem, the paper focuses on the workflow devised to obtain accurate measurements of friction and arching effects, and accordingly normalize them to account for scale (stress level) effects. Emphasis is put on demonstrating the effectiveness of the sand deposition method for accurately controlling the density of the sample, and on quantitatively assessing its uniformity. Measurements obtained during a series of uplift tests, including reaction force – pipe displacement curves and images of the developing failure surface, facilitated by particle image velocimetry and close-range photogrammetry techniques, are compared against published data and analytical methods. The results lead to the development of a new simplified formula for calculating the uplift resistance to buried pipe movements in sand: capable of accounting for scale effects, yet simple enough to be used for the analysis of pipes in practice.

Homing Sensor System Design for a 2D Long Range Nanopositioning Moving Platform

2014 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Acero Cacho ◽  
Jose Antonio Albajez ◽  
José Antonio Yagüe-Fabra ◽  
Marta Torralba ◽  
Margarita Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor System ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Precision Measuring ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Moving Platform ◽  
Sensor System Design

The nanotechnology field has been developing strongly in recent years and ultra-precision measuring systems are nowadays required. A new two-dimensional moving platform with 50x50 mm range of travel, nanometer resolution and sub micrometer accuracy is being designed by the authors in order to be integrated with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). In this work the definition, design and experimental characterization of a homing sensor system for this 2D moving platform is presented. The homing sensor system will allow the generation of an absolute 2D reference for the platform (X-Y axis and θz rotation), defining an initial cero for the measuring system, which is based on laser encoders.

Accurate characterization of coal pore and fissure structure based on CT 3D reconstruction and NMR

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 104242
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Dongyang Han ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chu
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction

Optische Schmelzbadüberwachung*/Optical monitoring of the melting bath in an Al-melting furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 760-766
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadifard ◽  
J. Langner ◽  
M. Stonis ◽  
S. Sauke ◽  
H. Larki Harchegani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Height Change ◽  
First Time ◽  
Contact Sensors ◽  
Holding Temperature

In einem Aluminium (Al)-Schmelzofen sind der Füllstand des Schmelzbades und die Oxidschichtmenge mit Kontaktsensoren nicht überwachbar, da das Schmelzbad aufgrund der hohen Haltebereich-Temperaturen von über 600 °C nicht zugänglich ist. Deshalb wird ein Online-Überwachungssystem des Aluminium-Schmelzbades mithilfe optischer Sensoren erforscht. Dafür wird das Schmelzbad mit geeigneten optischen Messsystemen identifiziert. Schließlich werden durch Bildanalyse-Algorithmen die Höhenänderung der Schmelze herausgearbeitet. Zudem werden Oxidschichten im Ofen auf der Badoberfläche mithilfe der Algorithmen detektiert.   The melt level and oxide layer quantity in an aluminum melting furnace cannot be monitored by contact sensors, since the melting bath is not accessible due to the high holding temperature (above 600 °C). Therefore, the method of monitoring the melting bath by means of optical sensors is investigated for the first time. For this purpose, suitable optical measuring systems can be applied which will be able to record the melting bath. The height change of the melt is to be elaborated by means of image analysis and any oxide layer on the bath surface is to be detected.

Utilisation d'une ligne de microphotodiodes en spectroscopie dispersive : application à la détection du NO2

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bures ◽  
François Leonard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Monchalin
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
On Line ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Analysis System

A self-scanned photodiode array has been used as a multiplex sensor for laboratory detection and measurement, by dispersive spectroscopy, of trace quantities of the atmospheric pollutant NO2. The on-line data acquisition and numerical analysis system allows in particular to eliminate some systematic errors and drifts (Taylor filtering) and the noise associated with high spatial frequencies (low-pass filtering). We have then been able to show that an absorption spectrum, corresponding to low absorber concentrations, has a sufficient information content for the characterization of the pollutant and the measurement of its concentration (ppm m), even when noise and drifts are present. The proposed system can be favorably compared to the ones, based on a single photoelectric detector, which are commercially used.

scholarly journals Regeneration: Why junk DNA might matter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Díaz-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Junk Dna ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Individual

The ability of certain natural species to restore or regenerate missing structures has been a recurrent source of inspiration to forge our collective knowledge, from being used to adorn mythological figures with superhuman powers to permitting controlled reproducible observations that help setting the bases of entire research fields such as experimental biology and regenerative medicine. In spite of being one of the oldest natural phenomena under study, what makes certain species able or unable to regenerate missing parts is still largely a mystery. Recent advancements towards the highly detailed characterization of the sequence, the spatial organization, and the expression of genomes is offering a new standpoint to address the study of the natural variation in regenerative responses. An intriguing observation that has not yet conveniently pursued is that species with remarkable regenerative abilities tend to have genomes loaded with junk DNA (jDNA), i.e., genetic elements presumed to be useless for the benefit of the individual, whereas species for taxa with limited regenerative abilities tend to have jDNA-poor genomes. Here, I use existing knowledge on the role of jDNA as genome evolution facilitator and its non-random chromosome and nuclear distributions to speculate about two non-excluding ways through which the variation in jDNA genomic content might end up enhancing or limiting regenerative responses. The present piece aims to go beyond the confines of correlational studies between biological variables and to lay sensible conceptual grounds for future hypothesis-driven attempts to substantiate the genomic determinants of the natural variation of regenerative responses.

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