Consumption Response to Credit Expansions: Evidence from Experimental Assignment of 45,307 Credit Lines

In a field experiment that constructs a randomized credit limit shock, participants borrow to spend 11 cents on the dollar in the first quarter and 28 cents by the third year. Effects extend to those far from the limit, those who had the new limits as available credit, and those with a liquid asset buffer. In the short-run, flexible and installment contracts are used in tandem, with unconstrained using installments more. Long-run borrowing is predominantly using installments. Near limits, participants borrow when credit expands but save out of constraints when limits are tight. Findings support a buffer-stock interpretation emphasizing precautionary saving. (JEL C93, E21, G21, G51, O12, O16)

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN INTERN PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS CASH FLOWS (STUDY KASUS PADA PT SMART LIVING)

Internal control on cash receipts and disbuements in the company is vey important because cash is one of the assets that has an important role in the development of the company, where cash is the most liquid asset. This study aims to analyze the internal control of cash receips and disbursements in improving the quality of cash flows carried out at PT. Smart Living which is engaged in GPS installation services. In this study, the method used by the autho in analyzing the data is a qualitative method using inteview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the internal control system for cash receipts has been unning effectively, wich has not been running effectively, because there are still dual function between recipients, depositors and cash registers.

Dampak Internal Control Pada Pengelolaan Siklus Kas Dalam Organisasi

Salah satu aktiva yang menunjang peranan penting dalam perkembangan perusahaan adalah kas. Kas merupakan salah satu aset perusahaan yang paling penting karena kas merupakan aset yang paling cair atau liquid. Aktivitas yang melibatkan kas diantaranya adalah pada siklus penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas, dimana dalam siklus inilah merupakan bagian yang paling mudah untuk dilakukan kecurangan maupun penyimpangan kas. Sehingga pengawasan yang ketat terhadap kas melalui pengendalian internal yang baik diperlukan untuk menekan terjadinya kecurangan dalam suatu organisasi. Pengendalian internal sangat penting bagi semua organisasi, termasuk pada organisasi dalam bentuk yayasan. Yayasan adalah sebuah organisasi atau badan hukum yang memiliki tujuan dan maksud yang tujuannya tersebut bersifat sosial, keagamaan dan kemanusiaan.Kata Kunci: Pengendalian Internal One of the assets that support an important role in the development of the company is cash. Cash is one of the most important corporate assets because cash is the most liquid or liquid asset. Activities involving cash include the cycle of receipts and cash expenditures, which in this cycle is the easiest part to commit fraud or cash irregularities. So that strict supervision of cash through good internal control is needed to suppress fraud in an organization. Internal control is essential for all organizations, including those in the form of foundations. A foundation is an organization or legal entity that has a purpose and purpose whose purpose is social, religious and humanitarian.Keywords: Internal Control

Technical Efficiency Determinants of Islamic Banks: How Do Countries Differ

Purpose: This paper analyzes the determinants of technical efficiency of Islamic banks in eight of the Islamic countries. These include Brunei Darussalam, Jordan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quarterly panel data on eight Islamic countries’ banks during the period of 2014 to 2019 is used for the analysis. Findings: The overall outcomes of the study indicate that banks in KSA, UAE, and Malaysia are found to be more efficient than their counterparts in other five countries in the sample. Banks from KSA and UAE have the same average technical efficiency scores while banks in Malaysia and Jordan tend to share similar average technical efficiency scores. Findings of the study reveal that variables like bank size, return on equity, and liquid asset ratio have a positive and significant bearing while factors like GDP growth rate, Z-score, and capital adequacy ratio have a negative and significant impact on technical efficiency of Islamic banks. Implications/Originality/Value: The study puts forward some useful policy implications both for managers of banks and policymakers of countries in the sample.

The Costs and Benefits of Liquidity Regulations: Lessons from an Idle Monetary Policy Tool

We investigate how liquidity regulations affect banks by examining a dormant monetary policy tool that functions as a liquidity regulation. For causal inference, we use a regression kink design that relies on the variation in a marginal high-quality liquid asset requirement around an exogenous threshold. We show that mandated increases in liquidity cause banks to reduce credit supply. Liquidity requirements also depress banks’ profitability, though some of the regulatory costs are passed on to liability holders. We document a prudential benefit of liquidity requirements by showing that banks subject to a higher requirement just before the financial crisis had lower odds of failure.

Social Synergy Sukuk (Double-S Sukuk): A Solution for Pandemic Crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis is projected to plunge over half a billion people (580 million) globally into extreme poverty. This exploratory paper proposes an innovative Social Synergy sukuk (Double-S sukuk) for alleviating the alarming upsurge in extreme poverty triggered by the pandemic in the face of limited resources. The Double-S sukuk is designed with Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs); such as Islamic Development Bank subscribing to the sukuk at a discounted profit rate, issued by a country facing the pains of the pandemic. The profit will be paid by a charitable Non-Governmental Organization; such as Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as an incentive to the crises country contingent upon judicious utilization of the funds for the pre-agreed social targets achieved within timely milestones that trickle down to uplift the citizens from the pandemic pains of extreme poverty. The country will only pay the principal component. Furthermore, a suitable MDB; such as Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) will issue a charitable guarantee to enhance the sukuk rating and cut issuance costs. This enhancement makes the sukuk an attractive BASEL III High-quality-liquid-asset (HQLA). Instead of begging the public for charity, the Double-S sukuk will be open to the public to invest alongside MDBs for a discounted profit rate to crowd-in the social/ethical conscious private sector to raise cheaper and larger funds for an apt synergistic crisis alleviation. The methodology used in this study is qualitative based on content analysis of relevant academic journals, industry reports and policy documents.

Financial health of Syariah and non-Syariah banks: a comparative analysis

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether Syariah banks are more financially stable than non-Syariah banks and check the differential impact of explanatory variables in financial health and efficiency in the context of Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach By using unbalanced panel data from Bankfocus over the period 2011–2018, regression analysis is performed with two response variables representing financial health, ZSCORE for return on average assets, liquid asset to deposit and short-term funding ratio. A number of control variables are used as tools to confirm the hypotheses. To check the robustness of the findings, a model with different specifications has been used. Findings The results indicate that while Syariah banks present higher insolvency risk (less health) for long-term activity, the opposite is true for short-term activity. Other findings show that Syariah and non-Syariah banks contribute differently to the national system of financial stability owing to varying influential factors on the bank’s health. Originality/value This paper presents a comparative analysis between the financial stability of Syariah banks and that of non-Syariah banks in Indonesia by building an empirical framework that allows the author to examine the differential effects of each underlying feature on financial stability in Syariah and non-Syariah banks.