Mechanical and microstructural characterization of Ti-SiC reinforced AA5083 surface composites fabricated via friction stir process

A mixture of Titanium and silicon-carbide powders was embedded in the AA5083 matrix by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Experiments were performed as per Taguchi L8 orthogonal array, and the effect of reinforcement on hot strength (at 100oC), processed zone (PZ) geometry, and microstructure were investigated. The effect of PZ geometry on the surface properties was also analyzed. The effect of heating the tensile test specimens to 540ºC on the strength at 100oC was also separately investigated. It was observed that surface hardness was significantly enhanced by FSP, and the highest mean hardness of 90.4 HV was observed. Furthermore, it was observed that the surface properties also significantly depend on PZ geometry. From experimental results, it was found that the specimens with the lowest width to depth ratio bears the highest hardness and vice versa. A clear effect of parameters was evident on the geometry of processed zones with a deep bowl, and shallow cup-shaped zones were formed with smaller and larger shoulder diameters, respectively. The samples were processed at 355 rpm, 63 mm/min, 17 mm shoulder, and 355 rpm, 80 mm/min. The 20 mm shoulder showed high tensile strength 292 MPa and 294 Mpa, respectively. The strength of these samples did not reduce much even after heating to 540oC.

Design, Structural and Thermal Analysis of Piston by Using Finite Element Analysis

In this project, it was chosen to investigate a specific piston design and its maximum gas pressure capabilities. The first aim for this project is to create a piston model using the solid modelling software CATIA V5. The geometry will be meshed and analyzed using the ANSYS software. A thorough literature search was conducted for the examination of piston input circumstances and the analytical process. High combustion gas pressures operate as mechanical loads, causing substantial strains in the piston's critical area. For various loading situations, such as maximum gas pressure load, a detailed static structural analysis is carried out. To choose the best material, a comparative research is carried out. Relative examination is never really dominated material. A cylinder is a mechanical part found in an assortment of cycles like pneumatic chambers. Responding siphons, responding motors and gas blowers. It is the upward development inside a chamber that is put away gastight by cylinder .In the auto business, it is found that the cylinder is the most fundamental part of the motor, and that it is presented to serious mechanical and warm loads. Warm burdens are initiated in the cylinder because of the exceptionally high temperature differential between the cylinder crown and the cooling displays. The cylinders are regularly built of aluminum due to its lightweight and heat conductivity. Be that as it may, as a result of its low hot strength and high development coefficient, it isn't suggested for use in high-temperature applications. The reason for a section bar or potentially an associating bar in a motor is to move power from growing gas to the barrel shaped shaft through an interfacing bar and additionally segment pole. To pack or remove the liquid put away in the chamber, the siphons turned around the capacity of the cylinder and communicate power from driving rod to it. In the initial step the primary examination of a common cylinder developed of the aluminum composite is concentrated in this exploration. The subsequent advance is to direct an investigation on a cylinder developed of Aluminum and Cast iron. Lightweight, minimal expense, primarily and thermally safe materials ought to be used in the development of pistons in the third step Validation of investigation result with contrasting the traditional material.

A Simple Method of Evaluating the Thermal Properties of Metallurgical Cokes under High Temperature

The reactivity index of weight loss (RI) and tumbling strength after the reaction (I10600) of manufacturing coke were first tested at a temperature series of 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C under CO2 atmosphere with different compositions and duration times to study the effects of temperature, time, and gas composition on coke hot strength. Then the RI/I10600, carbon structure, and optical texture of the cokes prepared from different single coals were mainly studied after a solution reaction with CO2 under a high temperature of 1300 °C and a standard temperature of 1100 °C. It was found that temperature greatly affects the RI/I10600 of coke, especially at high temperatures up to 1300 °C. Compared with standard tests under 1100 °C, the changes of RI/I10600 for different cokes are very different at 1300 °C, and the changes are greatly related to coke optical texture. Under a high temperature in the testing method, the tumbling strength of cokes with more isotropy increased, whereas it decreased for those with less isotropy. This simple method of using high temperature could yield the same results when compared with complicated simulated blast furnace conditions.

Analysis of the influence of coke quality on the production of pig iron in the conditions of JSC “Ural Steel”

The purpose of the study was to conformity of the quality of coke used in the blast-furnace shop of JSC “Ural Steel” meets the requirements recommended in the scientific literature, and to study its impact on the consumption of coke and the production of pig iron at the enterprise. For the study, the blast furnace № 1 with a useful volume of 1007 m3 and the blast furnace No. 4 with a useful volume of 2002 m3 were selected. The results of the analysis of data on the quality of coke over a three-year period: ash content, volatile matter and sulphur in the coke, the moisture content in the coke, the coke uniformity coefficient, indicators of the cold strength of coke (M25 and M10), indicators of coke hot strength (CSR) and reactivity of coke after high-temperature interaction with CO2 (CRI). Studies have revealed significant instability of the moisture content in the coke, which affects the change in its consumption, and heterogeneity of the granulometric composition of the coke, increasing the stability and uniformity of which would favorably affect the indicators of the blast furnace process. It was found that the values of the indicators of M10 coke attrition, hot strength of coke (CSR) and reactivity of coke (CRI) do not meet the recommendations of domestic and foreign scientists. Measures are proposed to improve the quality of coke, the implementation of which will increase the productivity of blast furnaces and reduce the consumption of coke per ton of pig iron.

Estimation of indices of BF heat of titanium-magnetite concentrates with different titanium dioxide content

Russia owns world largest reserves of titanium- magnetite and ilmenite- titanium- magnetite ores. Following the stepby-step inclusion into metallurgical processing of titanium- magnetite raw materials, the matter of maximum extraction of iron, vanadium and titanium becomes more and more actual. Kachkanar group of deposits of titanium- magnetite ores consists of two deposits: Gusevgoskoe and Sobstvenno-Kachkanar. At present JSC EVRAZ NTMK uses titanium- magnetite sinter and pellets, produced of Gusevgorskoe deposit ores. To make up the dropped out capacities and to keep the volume of mined ore at the level of 55 m t/year, it is planned to put into operation the reserved Sobstvenno-Kachkanar deposit. To process the titanium- magnetite ores of this deposit, their specific peculiarities should be taken into consideration. In particular, the increased TiO2content in iron ore concentrate up to 3.4% might require corrections of the BF technology. In this connection a study of metallurgical properties of lump iron ore raw materials with different titanium dioxide content was carried out. To clarify the pellets phase components a method of X-ray-phase analysis was used. The studies were done at CKP “Ural-M” equipment in the Institute of Metallurgy, Ural branch of Russian academy of Sciences. It was determined that pellets chemistry was represented by hematite (from 77 up to 89%), magnetite (from 2.84 up to 10.44%), complicated diopside (from 2 up to 10%), as well as in a small amount by quartz, hedenbergite, corundum, rutile, ferro-periclase, ilmenite, wollastonite, α-Fe, wustite. Results of viscosity calculation of obtained slags showed that it is within a range, typical for real BF slags viscosity. The obtained values of slag viscosity do not offer problems with slag regime of BF heat. It was shown, that increase of titanium dioxide content in pellets does not give rise to quality deterioration of iron ore raw materials preparation to BF heat as volume of introduced concentrate with increase TiO2content into the materials is increasing. Increase of hot strength and pellets temperature of beginning of softening, the pellets having increased titanium dioxide content, will positively affect main technical and economic indices of BF heat – coke rate and productivity, that was confirmed by BF indices calculation by application of balance logical and statistical model of BF process.

Energy efficient technology of hot metal smelting at PAO NLMK

Decrease of energy expenditure for hot metal smelting is an actual task in blast furnace technology perfection. Under conditions of PAO NLMK regimes with maximum forcing of the BF process at the expense of pressure increase under furnace mouth and coke hot strength increase were chosen as one of priority ways to increase the BF operation energy efficiency. Data on blast furnaces productivity, specific coke rate, quantity of blow-in oxygen and fuel at different gas pressure levels under the furnace mouth quoted. A dependence between pulverized coal rate and total carbon consumption determined. It was shown, that application in PAO NLMK blast furnaces of coke having hot strength of 60–65% at maximum possible pressure under the furnace mouth and application of pulverized-coal fuel enabled in the period from 2012 through 2018 to decrease the coke rate by more than 100 kg. Also the total carbon consumption decreased by more than 30 kg per hot metal ton and to increase smelting products chemical composition stability.