Variability of CPT and tropopause characteristics over the Arabian Peninsula

. The climatology of the cold-point tropopause (CPT) and tropopause characteristics in a subtropical area like The Arabian Peninsula is examined using the radiosonde data of the CPT characteristics and NCEP Reanalysis data of the tropopause characteristics. The monthly mean data for January and July are analyzed for three stations, namely Medina, Tabuk and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. The trends of CPT and tropopause characteristics of pressure, height, temperature, temperature anomalies, relative humidity, wind speed and potential temperature are also analyzed. The trends of these characteristics show that they experienced a sharp change during the 1990s and a significant change for the period from 2000 to 2016. For the whole period of study, the month of July, CPT and tropopause pressure decreased for about 5 hPa, whereas the height increased for more than 100 m. The temperature experienced a sudden drop during the beginning of the 1990s and a smooth decrease during the following years in January. Furthermore, a strong correlation is found between the CPT temperature and the Solar Cycle during the ‘90s period then it decreased sharply after this period.

Output power of multilayered InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dot microdisk lasers

We studied the output optical power of microdisk lasers with InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots active region. An increase in the number of layers in the active region in the waveguide from 2 to 6 leads to increase in the peak output optical power due probably to increase of the gain. We also observe a corresponding increase of the threshold current due to the increase on the transparence current. The maximal optical power is achieved for structure with 6 layers at approximately 60 mA injection current. Further increase of the number of the QD layers to 10 results in increase of the threshold current and sudden drop of the output power.

Atypical presentation of catastophric spontaneous mesenteric bleeding

Spontaneous mesenteric bleeding is an exceptionally rare clinical condition and potentially lethal especially among elderly patients who are taking oral anticoagulant. We present a case of a 79-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with atypical chest pain which was radiating to the back. She developed profound hypotension with a sudden drop of haemoglobin. Contrast-enhanced CT of the aorta showed active mesenteric bleeding with mesenteric haematoma. The early diagnosis relies solely on a high index of suspicion of occult bleeding in patients with unexplained hypotension with a sudden drop of haemoglobin. Troponin can be falsely positive in mesenteric bleeding. Close monitoring to detect any sign of deterioration and early imaging in diagnosing intra-abdominal bleeding can help to avoid delay in treatment which is essential to prevent mortality and morbidity.

Functional Predictors of Treatment Induced Diabetic Neuropathy (TIND): a Prospective Pilot Study Using Clinical and Neurophysiological Functional Tests

Background: A sudden drop of HbA1c has been linked to TIND. Method: From 60 recruited patients with severe diabetes only 21 patients adhered to the study protocol over one year with autonomic nervous system tests before and after antidiabetic treatment initiation. Results: With a pronounced drop of HbA1c some parameters tended to deteriorate with later improvement. Conclusion: Poor adherence appears as major obstacle in this type of study.Trial registration: Ethic Committee University of Leipzig 439/15-ek. Registered 22 April 2016

Severe Refractory Hypocalcemia After Administering Zoledronic Acid for Osteoporotic Fracture in Primary Hyperparathyroidism That Is Complicated Into Hungry Bone Syndrome: A Case Report

Zoledronic acid is a very effective (IV) amino bisphosphonate which is indicated in osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, multiple myeloma, Paget’s disease, and bone metastases from solid tumors. Bisphosphonate inhibits bone resorption through actions on osteoclast activity resulting in increasing bone density. Unfortunately, there are side effects associated with zoledronic acid one of those is mild to moderate hypocalcemia. Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) is defined as a severe drop in calcium levels less than 2.1 mmol/L and/or prolonged hypocalcemia for more than 4 days post parathyroidectomy. Most seen in patients’ who have secondary hyperparathyroidism compared to primary hyperparathyroidism. The sudden drop of parathyroid (PTH) levels post parathyroid resection after a prolonged duration of high PTH levels causes net calcium to move into the bone, this is the most proposed hypothesis. The authors report a case of a 32 years old female known case of severe osteoporosis presented to the emergency department complaining of left hip pain after a short height fall admitted as a case of pathological fracture. Furthermore, upon admission was vitally stable although on examination the patient had left side hip pain and tenderness otherwise unremarkable. Initial lab investigation showed a calcium level of 2.57 mmol/L and PTH level 37 pmol/L otherwise electrolytes and full blood count were unremarkable. Radiological investigations were done, and an X-ray has shown a left hip fracture where the patient underwent an operating room for fixation. In addition, a 99mTc-HDP bone scan revealed hyperparathyroidism and brown tumor. 99m Tc SESTA-MIBI whole body scan suggested metabolic bone disease. Furthermore, the parathyroid showed suggested typical parathyroid adenoma below and lateral to the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe. The ultrasound of the thyroid showing a well-defined hypoechoic nodule 2.5x1.15 cm with significant hypervascularity is seen, which is most likely to be enlarged left parathyroid gland. Thus, diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been reached with parathyroid adenoma which was resected during a hospital stay. The patient received pre-op zoledronic acid as a treatment for osteoporosis prior to the hip operation. After the parathyroid adenoma resection, the patient had a sudden drop of PTH and developed hypocalcemia which was 1.1 mmol/L. Thus, the complication of post operated parathyroid adenoma of HBS diagnosis has been made. Interestingly the patient needed to increase the length of stay of the hospital due to refractory hypocalcemia where the patient has been receiving IV calcium and vitamin D supplementation which hadn’t improved until a month of IV calcium gluconate. Although, the patient didn’t develop any signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia.

Simulation of a sudden drop-off in distal dense core vesicle concentration in Drosophila type II motoneuron terminals

This paper aims to investigate whether the sudden drop in the content of dense core vesicles (DCVs) reported in [J. Tao, D. Bulgari, D.L. Deitcher, E.S. Levitan, Limited distal organelles and synaptic function in extensive monoaminergic innervation, J. Cell. Sci. 130 (2017) 2520-2529] can be explained without modifying the parameters characterizing the ability of distal en passant boutons to capture and accumulate DCVs. We hypothesize that the drop in DCV content in distal boutons is due to an insufficient supply of anterogradely moving DCVs coming from the soma. As anterogradely moving DCVs are captured (and eventually destroyed) in more proximal boutons on their way to the end of the terminal, the fluxes of anterogradely moving DCVs between the boutons become increasingly smaller, and the most distal boutons are left without DCVs. We tested this hypothesis by modifying the flux of DCVs entering the terminal and found that the number of most distal boutons left unfilled increases if the DCV flux entering the terminal is decreased. The number of anterogradely moving DCVs in the axon can be increased either by the release of a portion of captured DCVs into the anterograde component or by an increase of the anterograde DCV flux into the terminal. This increase could lead to having enough anterogradely moving DCVs such that they could reach the most distal bouton and then turn around by changing molecular motors that propel them. The model suggests that this could result in an increased concentration of resident DCVs in distal boutons beginning with bouton 2. This is because in distal boutons, DCVs have a larger chance to be captured from the transiting state as they pass the boutons moving anterogradely and then again as they pass the same boutons moving retrogradely.

Türkiye'de Tarım Sektöründeki Küçük Aile İşletmelerinin Pazarlama Desteklemeleri Üzerine Bir Güven Oyunu

It is an important issue for small family businesses, which cannot keep up with the development of technology, you maintain their current position in the competition market and to increase their share of efficiency. Small family businesses meet a need about 80% of food production. Withdrawg these enterprise from the market may bring about a sudden drop in food supply. The aim of this study is to demonstrate to providing marketing training to small family businesses, how farmers can increase skills, production and profitability. Realization of these expectations will be possible with the support of big business or the public. In this study, using the game theory, possible strategies between two players (project founder and farmer) were taken into consideration and the gains to be obtained at each stage were found. As a result, it was concluded that cooperating with the investment institution and the farmer who received the training would increase the profit. This result is underlie of trust, cooperation and organization. Thus, while the production increases, the shortage of qualified personnel will decrease and contribution to employment will be provided. It will also contribute to overcoming technology-related marketing problems.