scholarly journals An Analytical Review of Existing Supermarket Billing Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ocen Gilbert ◽  
Semwogerere Twaibu ◽  
Sekamwa Umar ◽  
Matovu Davis
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Time Queues ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Reader System

Retail shops and stores form part of the nation’s business sector involved in selling and providing several goods and services. The main objective was to study and analyse existing supermarket billing systems and possibly identify their weaknesses and strengths. This will enable us to generate an RFID billing system that is unique and even more advantageous than the existing systems. The methodology used was qualitative involving hard and soft document reviews and observational experiments. Findings revealed that there are several billing systems which include the manual price tag system where a mini-computer (calculator) is used to sum up the total bill per customer at a time, the barcode reader system, the smart chart with store cards, and the ‘smart shopping cart. It was noted that these have the advantage of giving confidence all the items are counted, paid for, save time and are cheap to use. However, they are also associated with several weaknesses like long waiting time (queues), the systems require a lot of human effort to read the barcodes which is not efficient, barcode systems sometimes fail to read, possible human errors while entering information, possible cheating through wrongly-fed information and the desynchronization effects because of the unreliable network. This was an awareness drive about the existing supermarket billing systems in order to enhance further studies on better ones

The Role of the Business Sector in Global Health Politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 385-408
Author(s):  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Julia Smith
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Health Related

The influence of for-profit businesses in collective action across countries to protect and promote population health dates from the first International Sanitary Conferences of the nineteenth century. The restructuring of the world economy since the late twentieth century and the growth of large transnational corporations have led the business sector to become a key feature of global health politics. The business sector has subsequently moved from being a commercial producer of health-related goods and services, contractor, and charitable donor, to being a major shaper of, and even participant in, global health policymaking bodies. This chapter discusses three sites where this has occurred: collective action to regulate health-harming industries, activities to provide for public interest needs, and participation in decision-making within global health institutions. These changing forms of engagement by the business sector have elicited scholarly and policy debate regarding the appropriate relationship between public and private interests in global health.

scholarly journals All-Russian Library Congress — 2018: On the Way to Creation of the Librarianship Development Concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Trushina ◽  
V. V. Meshcheryakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Special Events ◽  
New Information ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Russian Federation

he article presents an analytical review of the All-Russian Library Congress, held in Vladimir — the Library Capital of Russia 2018 — on 12—18 May 2018. The Congress was devoted to the theme “Ba-sing on the Past, We Build the Future. The Role of Cultural Heritage in Transforming the Librarianship in Russia”. The Congress held an open Discussion on the concept of librarianship development in the Russian Federation; it adopted the Guidelines on local lore activities for public libraries of the Russian Federation and approved the Regulations on the Council for Professional Qualifications in the Field of Library and Information Activities, planned for creation under the Russian Library Association. The Congress worked in various formats: pre-session events, plenary sessions, section meetings by library types and activity areas, and special events. The 19th Exhibition of Publishing Products, New Information Technologies, Goods and Services complemented the Congress. The Congress determined Tula to be the Library Capital of Russia 2019.

Artificial intelligence in brachytherapy: a summary of recent developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200842
Author(s):  
Susovan Banerjee ◽  
Shikha Goyal ◽  
Saumyaranjan Mishra ◽  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Shyam Singh Bisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Use

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications, in the form of machine learning and deep learning, are being incorporated into practice in various aspects of medicine, including radiation oncology. Ample evidence from recent publications explores its utility and future use in external beam radiotherapy. However, the discussion on its role in brachytherapy is sparse. This article summarizes available current literature and discusses potential uses of AI in brachytherapy, including future directions. AI has been applied for brachytherapy procedures during almost all steps, starting from decision-making till treatment completion. AI use has led to improvement in efficiency and accuracy by reducing the human errors and saving time in certain aspects. Apart from direct use in brachytherapy, AI also contributes to contemporary advancements in radiology and associated sciences that can affect brachytherapy decisions and treatment. There is a renewal of interest in brachytherapy as a technique in recent years, contributed largely by the understanding that contemporary advances such as intensity modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic external beam radiotherapy cannot match the geometric gains and conformality of brachytherapy, and the integrated efforts of international brachytherapy societies to promote brachytherapy training and awareness. Use of AI technologies may consolidate it further by reducing human effort and time. Prospective validation over larger studies and incorporation of AI technologies for a larger patient population would help improve the efficiency and acceptance of brachytherapy. The enthusiasm favoring AI needs to be balanced against the short duration and quantum of experience with AI in limited patient subsets, need for constant learning and re-learning to train the AI algorithms, and the inevitability of humans having to take responsibility for the correctness and safety of treatments.

scholarly journals Engineering Knowledge Graph for Keyword Discovery in Patent Search

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2249-2258
Author(s):  
Serhad Sarica ◽  
Binyang Song ◽  
En Low ◽  
Jianxi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
Patent Retrieval ◽  
The Core ◽  
Patent Search ◽  
Human Effort

AbstractPatent retrieval and analytics have become common tasks in engineering design and innovation. Keyword-based search is the most common method and the core of integrative methods for patent retrieval. Often searchers intuitively choose keywords according to their knowledge on the search interest which may limit the coverage of the retrieval. Although one can identify additional keywords via reading patent texts from prior searches to refine the query terms heuristically, the process is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human errors. In this paper, we propose a method to automate and augment the heuristic and iterative keyword discovery process. Specifically, we train a semantic engineering knowledge graph on the full patent database using natural language processing and semantic analysis, and use it as the basis to retrieve and rank the keywords contained in the retrieved patents. On this basis, searchers do not need to read patent texts but just select among the recommended keywords to expand their queries. The proposed method improves the completeness of the search keyword set and reduces the human effort for the same task.

scholarly journals Evolution of Views on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurs in Scientific Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
Yuliya Pin'koveckaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Theory State ◽  
National Economies

Entrepreneurship is one of the fastest-growing spheres in most economically developed and developing countries. This article provides an overview of the most important scientific publications on business problems for almost three hundred years. It focuses on the theoretical research in such issues as the principles and concepts of entrepreneurship, as well as the role and social significance of entrepreneurs in national economies. It also touches upon various economic, managerial, organizational, and psychological aspects of entrepreneurship, e.g. new opportunities, motivation, etc. These publications formed the theoretical basis for the development of business sector as a driver of modern national economies, thus providing goods and services, reducing unemployment, developing innovation, and creating the middle class stratum. The present review can be used in further research, as well as in teaching business, economic theory, state and municipal management at university.

scholarly journals Automatic Detection of Airway Invasion from Videofluoroscopy via Deep Learning Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6179
Author(s):  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Joo Young Ko ◽  
Hyun Il Kim ◽  
Sang-Il Choi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Airway Invasion ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Deep Learning Model

In dysphagia, food materials frequently invade the laryngeal airway, potentially resulting in serious consequences, such as asphyxia or pneumonia. The VFSS (videofluoroscopic swallowing study) procedure can be used to visualize the occurrence of airway invasion, but its reliability is limited by human errors and fatigue. Deep learning technology may improve the efficiency and reliability of VFSS analysis by reducing the human effort required. A deep learning model has been developed that can detect airway invasion from VFSS images in a fully automated manner. The model consists of three phases: (1) image normalization, (2) dynamic ROI (region of interest) determination, and (3) airway invasion detection. Noise induced by movement and learning from unintended areas is minimized by defining a “dynamic” ROI with respect to the center of the cervical spinal column as segmented using U-Net. An Xception module, trained on a dataset consisting of 267,748 image frames obtained from 319 VFSS video files, is used for the detection of airway invasion. The present model shows an overall accuracy of 97.2% in classifying image frames and 93.2% in classifying video files. It is anticipated that the present model will enable more accurate analysis of VFSS data.

scholarly journals Convenient Electricity Billing System through QR Code Android Application : A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1068-1072
Author(s):  
Abhay Desai ◽  
Mital Bhalani ◽  
Ved Prakash Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Billing System ◽  
New Process ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Base Application

The electrical meter reading and bill generation process is very complex and exhaustive as it is done manually. So this project is developed for the betterment of the Electric meter reading and payment process. This solution would provide better performance, integrity, consistency and many more. We have tried to achieve the solution for convenient electric meter reading through QR code. In this project, we have tried to remove the drawbacks. It was found that the human effort is too much in the traditional electric meter reading and efficiency of traditional process is much less than it could be with this new process. We would provide an improved system for this project. For which we would be converting the traditional manual meter reading process which is done by the company worker removing the human error through modernizing it in some way So, there is no chance of any kind of fraud happening with customers. We would use QR code scanning for smart meter reading and android base application that will provide support to this system by providing previous data of that particular user. We would create an application for user interface. So the user doesn't get into a complex situation to use this system.

scholarly journals PRESENT TRENDS OF GOODS AND SERVICES PROMOTION ON MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Barinova
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Marketing Problems

The current stage of economy development is characterized by rising interest in marketing problems. One of the most important directions is studying marketing approaches both in the broadest sense and in a narrow one. The author conducted analytical review of academic literature in this direction, researched and summarized overseas and Russian experience. The article shows existing approaches to goods and services promotion and factors affecting this process. On the basis of the analysis a conclusion was drawn that today classic strategies in marketing cannot ensure high efficiency of sales, thus one of the most topical objective of present days business is the search for new marketing approaches. Academic literature analysis showed that new forms of goods and services promotion differed greatly from conventional ones and demonstrate further trend to transformation in conditions of IT technologies development and globalization. Current marketing strategies were discussed, such as crowdsourcing, advergaming, Market Marketing, virus marketing, social mediamarketing. The author shows their key advantages and drawbacks and provides examples of their use from Russian and overseas experience. Prospects of marketing strategies development were provided.

scholarly journals Keutamaan Bekerja (Berproduksi) dalam Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Anafarhanah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Work Production ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
The Way

Work is the main pillar in production. Working as a production factor has a great meaning. Since all the natural wealth is useless if it is not exploited by humans and processed by workers. Nature has provided untold wealth, but without human effort will all be retained. Islam encourages Muslims to produce and play a role in various forms of economic activity in the form of agriculture, plantation, fishery, industry, and trade. By working person will be able to produce goods and services, and by the way as it did the workers will earn money so that they can meet their needs and their families. In addition, the work (production) someone will be spared of action beg.Bekerja merupakan sendi utama dalam produksi. Bekerja sebagai faktor produksi mempunyai arti yang besar. Karena semua kekayaan alam tidak berguna bila tidak dieksploitasi oleh manusia dan diolah oleh buruh (pekerja). Alam telah memberikan kekayaan yang tidak terhitung, tetapi tanpa usaha manusia semua akan tetap tersimpan. Islam menganjurkan umatnya untuk memproduksi dan berperan dalam berbagai bentuk aktifitas ekonomi baik berupa pertanian, perkebunan, perikanan, perindustrian, dan perdagangan. Dengan bekerja seseorang akan mampu menghasilkan barang dan jasa, dan dengan jalan seperti itu pula para pekerja akan mendapatkan penghasilan sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya serta keluarganya. Selain itu, dengan bekerja (berproduksi) seseorang akan terhindar dari tindakan meminta-minta.

GST Calculation for Invoice Generation in IT Filing

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Shivangi Kaushal ◽  
Ashima Narang ◽  
Nishu Sethi ◽  
Neha Bhateja
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
It Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Returns

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Accounting and Billing System is arguably one of the most complex Information Technology (IT) Systems in the world – in terms of scale, size, and complexity. Under Goods and Services Tax, the returns of the buyer’s will be auto filled by data from the returns done by sellers and invoices uploaded by him/her. The software will have to match the data automatically from the returns and uploaded invoices and accept/deny/modify these invoices. The uploading of duplicate invoice is not allowed by the Goods and Services Tax system. All payments, uploading of invoices and filing of returns will have to be done electronically by all taxpayers only through the Goods and Services Tax portal. Access to and use of technology is therefore crucial for all taxpayers registered with the Goods and Services Tax Network, without which they cannot conduct business. This paper intents a proper invoice generation through the software and application that will be uploaded on the Goods and Services Tax Portal for filing Income Tax Returns.

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