Creation of a combined system for treatment of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations

The object of research is the methods of purification of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations, the subject of the study is spent technological solutions of etching and wastewater from the operations of washing enterprises of hardware products. Spent etching solutions are characterized as highly concentrated solutions, and wash water belongs to the category of concentrated solutions containing toxic impurities: heavy metal ions, acids, surfactants. The main problem in the etching area is the processing of used etching solutions. The most progressive creation of combined systems in which the bulk of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with partial return of water to the production process. With such wastewater treatment, the problem arises of reducing the total concentration of iron to less than 1 mg/l. That is why, in accordance with the requirements of environmental legislation on nature management, there is a need for deep additional treatment of such wastewater. The study used the methods of potentiometric titration and chemical deposition, as well as the method of photometric determination. Magnetic cleaning was studied in an experimental magnetic deposition apparatus. The paper presents the results of studies evaluating methods for purifying iron-containing wastewater from etching operations. Improvement is achieved by the creation of technological combined schemes for the purification of iron-containing wastewater, including a magnetic device as an auxiliary element. At the same time, the main volume of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with a partial return of water to the production process. Waste solutions from etching operations are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosage into the main wastewater stream from washing operations. Deep purification from iron-containing impurities using a magnetic device expands the possibilities of practical implementation of reverse osmosis to obtain «clean» water in centralized systems. This water is applicable for the preparation of process solutions and mixed with industrial water for flushing operations.

Thermal Protection Technology for Acoustic–Magnetic Device in a Geothermal Water Anti-Scaling System

This article presents the results of the design of acoustic–magnetic device thermal protection technology based on simulation. The acoustic–magnetic device (AMD) was installed in the heat supply system of a greenhouse complex with a geothermal heat source, developed and patented by the authors of this paper. Simulation was performed to investigate the possibility of maintaining the acoustic transmitter temperature of the acoustic–magnetic device in its operating range. The QuickField Student Edition v 6.4 simulation environment was used for this purpose. Based on the results of the simulation, the optimum thermal mode of the acoustic–magnetic device was developed and implemented. The optimum temporal operating mode of the acoustic–magnetic device is necessary for the optimization of the non-reagent treatment of geothermal water in a heat supply system of a greenhouse complex. It allows for a considerable reduction in the intensity of scale formation in the heat exchanger and equipment of a geothermal heating system. As demonstrated by the simulation thermal modes, the acoustic–magnetic device provides conditions for the work maintenance of the AMD acoustic transmitter at the resonance frequency, reduces the power expenses, and increases the efficiency of the acoustic influence on the scale formed in the heat supply system of a greenhouse complex. The results of the simulation were implemented in the greenhouse complex of JSC “Raduga.” The thermal protection technology was realized by installing two acoustic–magnetic devices and automation systems in the geothermal heating system a greenhouse complex.

Improvement of the technological treatment scheme of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations

The aim of the research is to improve the technological scheme of treatment of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations by creating combined systems, including reagent wastewater treatment, their mutual neutralization, regeneration of etching solutions, deep post-treatment using a magnetic device. The main volume of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with partial return of water to the production process. Spent solutions from etching operations are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosing into the main wastewater stream from flushing operations. The consumption of commercial HCl is reduced by 50%. The use of hydrogen peroxide can increase the effect of extracting iron from etching solutions by 30% (total purification effect of 70%). Given that deep purification from iron-containing impurities is provided using a magnetic device, the possibilities of practical implementation of reverse osmosis to obtain "pure" water in centralized systems, which can be used for preparation of process solutions and in a mixture with technical water - for flushing operations, increase. In experimental and industrial conditions the expenses of reagents, their concentrations, dosing time are established

The effect of magnetized seawater on physiological and biochemical properties of different rice cultivars

Sutiyanti E, Rachmawati D. 2021. The effect of magnetized seawater on physiological and biochemical properties of different rice cultivars. Biodiversitas 22: 3083-3091. Seawater is an alternative source to overcome the reduced availability of freshwater in agricultural practices. However, seawater cannot be used directly because it has high salinity that causes various disturbances in plant growth and development. Magnetic field treatment can be used for seawater desalination. The objective of this study was to analyze the potential of magnetized seawater for agricultural irrigation by observing the effect of magnetized seawater on physiological and biochemical properties of different rice cultivars. This research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 research factors, which were 2 rice cultivars ('IR 64' and 'Inpari 35'), 2 levels of salinity (0 and 10 dS m-1), and 4 types of magnetic treatment (0 untreated with magnetic device, 1, 2 and 3 cycles treated with magnetic device). Variables including plant growth (plant height, fresh weight and dry weight), physiological characters (chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, membrane stability index, relative water content, proline content) and biochemical properties (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, H2O2 and anthocyanin content) were observed. Magnetized seawater 3 cycles enhanced growth, physiology and biochemical parameters of ‘IR 64’ and ‘Inpari 35’ in 0 and 10 dS m-1 level salinity with decreasing level salinity of water to minimize effect of salinity. The effect of magnetized seawater treatment is more visible to increase the growth of ‘IR 64' rice plants.