scholarly journals Creation of a combined system for treatment of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(62)) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Mykola Yatskov ◽  
Natalia Korchyk ◽  
Oksana Mysina ◽  
Nadia Budenkova
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Magnetic Device

The object of research is the methods of purification of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations, the subject of the study is spent technological solutions of etching and wastewater from the operations of washing enterprises of hardware products. Spent etching solutions are characterized as highly concentrated solutions, and wash water belongs to the category of concentrated solutions containing toxic impurities: heavy metal ions, acids, surfactants. The main problem in the etching area is the processing of used etching solutions. The most progressive creation of combined systems in which the bulk of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with partial return of water to the production process. With such wastewater treatment, the problem arises of reducing the total concentration of iron to less than 1 mg/l. That is why, in accordance with the requirements of environmental legislation on nature management, there is a need for deep additional treatment of such wastewater. The study used the methods of potentiometric titration and chemical deposition, as well as the method of photometric determination. Magnetic cleaning was studied in an experimental magnetic deposition apparatus. The paper presents the results of studies evaluating methods for purifying iron-containing wastewater from etching operations. Improvement is achieved by the creation of technological combined schemes for the purification of iron-containing wastewater, including a magnetic device as an auxiliary element. At the same time, the main volume of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with a partial return of water to the production process. Waste solutions from etching operations are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosage into the main wastewater stream from washing operations. Deep purification from iron-containing impurities using a magnetic device expands the possibilities of practical implementation of reverse osmosis to obtain «clean» water in centralized systems. This water is applicable for the preparation of process solutions and mixed with industrial water for flushing operations.

scholarly journals Improvement of the technological treatment scheme of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Mykola Yatskov ◽  
Natalia Korchyk ◽  
Oksana Mysina ◽  
Nadia Budenkova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Magnetic Device ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
Deep Purification ◽  
Process Solutions ◽  
Technological Treatment

The aim of the research is to improve the technological scheme of treatment of iron-containing wastewater from etching operations by creating combined systems, including reagent wastewater treatment, their mutual neutralization, regeneration of etching solutions, deep post-treatment using a magnetic device. The main volume of wastewater is treated in centralized systems with partial return of water to the production process. Spent solutions from etching operations are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosing into the main wastewater stream from flushing operations. The consumption of commercial HCl is reduced by 50%. The use of hydrogen peroxide can increase the effect of extracting iron from etching solutions by 30% (total purification effect of 70%). Given that deep purification from iron-containing impurities is provided using a magnetic device, the possibilities of practical implementation of reverse osmosis to obtain "pure" water in centralized systems, which can be used for preparation of process solutions and in a mixture with technical water - for flushing operations, increase. In experimental and industrial conditions the expenses of reagents, their concentrations, dosing time are established

Membrane treatment of biodiesel wash-water: A sustainable solution for water recycling in biodiesel production process

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosar Mozaffarikhah ◽  
Ali Kargari ◽  
Meisam Tabatabaei ◽  
Hossein Ghanavati ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Membrane Treatment

scholarly journals A Combined System of Fuel Washing Involving Both Centrifuges and Electrostatic Separators: A Hybrid

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Spalding ◽  
G. E. Krulls
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitators ◽  
Heavy Fuels ◽  
Two Stages

In the gas turbine business, heavy fuels have traditionally been treated by plants using either centrifuges or electrostatic precipitators as water/fuel separators. These systems individually have certain disadvantages when applied to treating difficult heavy fuels, which can be overcome by combining the two systems whereby in the first-stage centrifuges are used followed by electrostatic precipitators in the second and subsequent stages of the treatment. The first part of the paper will deal with the Hybrid system itself, outlining its advantages, to be followed by a second part which will provide a description of the world’s first Hybrid plant which will have been built for Qatar. This plant has two stages, the first with seven centrifuges and the second with an electrostatic precipitator. Extraction of the salt in the oil to the wash water is brought about in both stages by a multi-stage rotary paddle type extractor which will also be described.

scholarly journals Transglycosylation of Rebaudioside А by β-fructofuranosidase

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Kristina Chkhan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Low Calorie Sweetener

Rebaudioside A (RebaA) was subjected to β-2.6 transglycosylation with β-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter sp. K-1 and sucrose as a source of fructose units. The yield of transglycosylation depends significantly on the concentration of the acceptor, the donor and the enzyme, as well as the reaction time. At the weight ratio of RebА to sucrose of 1: 1, the degree of transfructosylation in 24 hours was only 5.4%, while at a ratio of 1 : 5, it reaches to more than 23%. It was revealed that transfructosylation proceeds more efficiently in the concentrated solutions, the higher the total concentration of sucrose and RebaA, the greater the yield of fructosylated RebA. To determine the effect of рН on transfructosylation, β-fructofuranosidase was incubated with a solution of 1% RebА and 10% sucrose at 40°C for 15 hours at various pH values. It was also revealed that with an increase in the amount of the enzyme, the reaction accelerates. The most optimal were quantities of 50-100 units per 1 g of sucrose. The reaction of transfructosylation of stevioside is examined, and an organoleptic evaluation of fructosylated derivatives of fructosyl-RebА, fructosyl-stevioside and fructosyl-rubuzoside is also shown. Isolation and purification of fructosylated Reba was carried out by ethanol precipitation and purification on the columns filled with macroporous Diaion HP-20 resin. The resulting product is possessing improved sensory characteristics and can be used as low-calorie sweetener.

HYDRO POWER PLANT “KRAPIVINSKY”: CURRENT STATE AND POSSIBLE RISKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Prosekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Archival Documents

Rational nature management is a priority in the development of science and technology based on environ-mental monitoring. Natural ecosystems located in industrial areas are under significant anthropogenic pres-sure, as a result of which the negative impact on the environment and biodiversity has increased. Various archival documents and other sources of scientific and technical information on the construction and current state of the Krapivsky reservoir were analyzed. The study results allowed to justify theoretically the need for a comprehensive ecological monitoring of the reservoir’s zone of influence and its current condition. The importance of its practical implementation on a systematic methodological basis using the earth remote sensing and geoinformation mapping was detected.

scholarly journals Agroecological Statistics: Problems of Formation and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
A. D. Dumnov ◽  
V. N. Vasil’eva ◽  
A. E. Kharitonova ◽  
A. P. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Development Goals

This article is a journal version of a brief description of the study of the problems of the formation and implementation in practice of a system of indicators of agroecological statistics, initiated and organized by the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS Statcommittee) in 2019. The study analyzed and used many international as well as national methodological, organizational and technical materials. The authors considered a set of specific indicators, the data on which have been collected, compiled and published for several years in the Eurostat system and under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2015. In this regard, the authors of the article proposed and thoroughly substantiated their interpretation of the field of agroecology (and the corresponding system of indicators) as agricultural activity and the use of rural areas, carried out in the closest connection with the complex requirements of environmental protection, including rationalization of nature management, within the agricultural sector itself and on rural territories, taking into account some related («border») aspects.Based on this approach, based on the foreign documentation and domestic developments, an Integrated Table of Agroecological Indicators was formed, containing 18 sections and including a total of 255 indicators (with organizational and methodological explanations for these indicators). Moreover, the article provides a brief description of each section. In addition, the issues of linking the proposed Integrated Table with the UN Sustainable Development Goals Indicators (SDGs) were considered separately and in sufficient detail.In parallel with the above-described aspects, some problems were revealed that needed to be solved before the practical implementation of agroecological statistics in the CIS countries in general and in the Russian Federation in particular. This applies, for example, to issues such as clarification and updating of classifiers reflecting environmental protection and nature conservation activities concerning agricultural production and rural territories; the correct statistical reflection of the output of organic products in agriculture, as well as the cultivation of crop materials for processing on biofuels (based on the tenets of agroecology)юThe article covers issues of so-called ecosystem accounting in the framework of the system of national accounts and the auxiliary System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. Specific aspects of these problems were described in detail and some suggestions were made to address them. 

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF NATURE MANAGEMENT: PROBLEMS OF TERMINOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Oksana DREBOT ◽  
◽  
Andriy GADZALO
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Functional Purpose

Economists and sociologists have repeatedly raised the problem of defining the concepts of “institute” and “institutions”, “institutionality” and “institutionalism”. This is due to informal mix of terms, epistemology of institutionalism and different translation of foreign sources. However, attempts to draw attention to delimitation of these concepts in various scientific sources did not give an actual result – in fact, until now there has not been formed a system for defining, specifying and clearly articulating specific terms. Hence, all the works of this semantic nature did not get practical implementation. Thus, the authors assume that in the science of institutionalism, due to misinformation of the main terms, there is a gap in understanding their meaning, degree of study and adequacy, significance. During the processing of official scientific and reference publications, it was suggested that plurality of explanation and use of the category “institute” was due to a number of reasons, one of which is etymological one. The publications included: scientific articles on the subject, monographs, extended abstracts of thesis and thesis, textbooks, encyclopedias, as well as dictionaries: bilingual, dictionaries of foreign words, terminological, etymological, encyclopedic, interpretative, academic, dictionaries-reference books. It is also important that, besides scientific publications, the definitions studied are also found in reference dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, etc., which to a certain extent testifies to the official interpretation of these concepts. Accordingly, based on the analysis of reference encyclopedic literature, terms and literary sources were grouped based on similarity of interpretation. However, it is not always possible to equate one rule to all adjacent processes in scientific theories. And since the institutional theory relates to several scientific areas (for example, social, economic, legal, theoretical and methodological, state-building, etc.), the authors consider it appropriate to separate the role of concepts depending on their functional purpose.

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
P. Shyshchenko ◽  
O. Havrylenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Project Activity

The article deals with the meaningful content of educational disciplines of geoecological profile, which should ensure qualitative changes in the educational process and the introduction of innovative technologies for it to successfully implement the practical knowledge acquired by students of theoretical knowledge. Due to the increasing of the dangerous consequences of human activity and the complication of current geoecological problems, the geoecological profession and the ability of higher education institutions graduates to introduce the acquired knowledge in practical activity become extremely urgent. One of the main ways from theory to practice in the process of acquiring higher education is the geoecological approach to optimizing the spatial-temporal structural-functional landscape organization of the territory. The meaningful content of the three structural blocks of the academic discipline “Geoecology of Ukraine” for Master degree students should correspond to the general research methodology, the main geoecological problems and the application of research results to solve these problems. At different stages of studying the discipline, appropriate forms and methods of ensuring the educational process are used. At the initial stage, such forms are the organization of non-standard lecture lessons in the form of multimedia presentations, as well as seminars with tests, public speeches and student discussions. The main stage of studying the discipline is devoted to the analysis of modern geoecological problems of Ukraine. The disclosure of these problems should be based on the scheme “the influence of inefficient nature management – the change of geo- ecosystems components – violation of these components geoecological functions due to negative effects – ways to restore broken communications”. At this stage of discipline studies, it is advisable to combine classic traditional teaching techniques with creative search, application of innovative educational technologies, original didactic ideas. Introduction in the educational process a relatively new for Ukraine Method of projects allows students to not only better learn lecture material, but also learn to independently acquire knowledge in close cooperation with the teacher. The method provides an individual work according to the plan drawn up by the project team, and the results of this work will have theoretical, practical and cognitive significance. The offered algorithm of carrying out students’ project activity is: first of all, the essence of the problem is revealed; then the factors and causes of its occurrence are analyzed; after that, the ways of solving the problem are being developed and their effectiveness is evaluated. The approximate themes of student projects within the framework of the educational discipline are determined, as well as the forms of interaction between students and the teacher at certain stages of work on the project. The themes of the last, applied, section of the discipline are related to the practical aspects of geoecological research and may be selected by students independently, on the example of their city, district, and region. This is important for students to understand the project activity as an adaptive strategy for the arrangement of a comfortable people environment. Upon assimilation of all educational program themes, future specialists become trained in practical implementation of the geoecological approach to optimization of nature using in order to solve actual problems. Upon assimilation of all educational program themes, future specialists become trained in practical implementation of the geoecological approach to optimization of nature using in order to solve actual problems.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING MODELS FOR PLANNING’S CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MEASURING - AND-CONTROL’S PROCEDURES FOR TECHNICAL PROCESS OF MACHINERY PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
E. P. Reshetnikova ◽  
P. Yu. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technological Preparation

The article says about solving an important task of production - reducing of the technological preparation. The development of scientific bases of the complex of control-and-measurement procedures in the automated system for designing technological processes for manufacturing parts is a qualitative solution to the problem of achieving the specified accuracy of the surfaces of parts in a rapidly changing situation within the production process. This paper presents the practical implementation of the complex of control-and-measurement procedures for automating technological preparation of production.

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