scholarly journals A Sustainable and Low-Cost Soil Filter Column for Removing Pathogens from Swine Wastewater: The Role of Endogenous Soil Protozoa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Lavane Kim ◽  
Tao Yan ◽  
Russell Yost ◽  
Guy Porter
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Soil Filtration

The increase of swine production in the Pacific Islands has inevitably led to environmental pollution concerns from discharged wastewater derived from both washing and manure. The slurry accumulates in lagoons, where supernatant wastewater containing high levels of pathogens and nutrients becomes nonpoint source water pollution that deteriorates the quality of receiving water bodies. Soil filtration is a promising cost-effective technology for removing pollutants from swine wastewater; however, the excessive growth of bacteria in soil media often accompanies the filtration process. This study investigates soil filtration mediated by protozoa activities to remove Escherichia coli (E. coli) in synthetic swine wastewater. The experiment used plastic columns packed with Leilehua soil from Oahu Island, Hawaii. The soil physicochemical adsorption was seen to reduce 95.52–96.47% of E. coli. However, the average removal efficiencies were increased to 98.17% in a single stage, and 99.99% in two sequential columns, under predation conditions. The filtration media containing naturally established bacterivores with the prey, provided a bioactive means to remove E. coli from the influent. The proper design of Leilehua soil filters potentially removes E. coli from the influent to meet the standard level of recycled water.

Principles for integrated island management in the tropical Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy D Jupiter ◽  
Aaron P Jenkins ◽  
Warren J Lee Long ◽  
Sean L Maxwell ◽  
Tim J B Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
National Systems

We propose a new approach for island-wide planning and implementation of ecosystem management in the Pacific, recognizing a lack of replicability, sustainability and cost-effectiveness in other approaches. ʻIntegrated island managementʼ (IIM) operates through coordinated networks of institutions and communities focused on sustainable and adaptive management of natural resources. IIM enables simultaneous and cost-effective achievement of ecosystem-based management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction while conserving biodiversity, maintaining ecosystem services and securing human health and well-being. We present ten guiding principles for IIM, and then use these to evaluate 36 case studies from the Pacific islands. Most case studies were pilot or demonstration projects with little evidence of planning to ensure long-term financial and human capacity needs were sustained, beyond the life of the projects, or could be replicated at significant scales. Management outcomes in the Pacific will be enhanced by: (1) building on foundations of customary management practice and social networks; (2) working holistically across relevant ecological and governance scales, through coordinated but decentralized and nested institutions; (3) empowering local communities to participate in integrated planning and implementation; and (4) embedding IIM practice into national systems for long-term sustainability and replication. These also ultimately depend on the context and externalities, beyond the control of practitioners. Cost-effectiveness and appropriateness are also critical for successful IIM in the Pacific islands but ultimately there is little alternative for effective biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Production of L-DOPA by Tyrosinase-Immobilized Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanogranules in Engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3778
Author(s):  
Jiping Zhao ◽  
Ganqiao Ran ◽  
Mengmeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyun Lu ◽  
Dan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Monophenolase Activity ◽  
High Production ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Dopa Concentration

3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) is a preferred drug for Parkinson’s disease, with an increasing demand worldwide that mainly relies on costly and environmentally problematic chemical synthesis. Yet, biological L-DOPA production is unfeasible at the industrial scale due to its low L-DOPA yield and high production cost. In this study, low-cost Halomonas bluephagenesis TD01 was engineered to produce tyrosinase TyrVs-immobilized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanogranules in vivo, with the improved PHA content and increased immobilization efficiency of TyrVs accounting for 6.85% on the surface of PHA. A higher L-DOPA-forming monophenolase activity of 518.87 U/g PHA granules and an L-DOPA concentration of 974.36 mg/L in 3 h catalysis were achieved, compared to those of E. coli. Together with the result of L-DOPA production directly by cell lysates containing PHA-TyrVs nanogranules, our study demonstrated the robust and cost-effective production of L-DOPA by H. bluephagenesis, further contributing to its low-cost industrial production based on next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB).

scholarly journals Separation and enrichment of sodium-motile bacteria using cost-effective microfluidics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti P Gurung ◽  
Moein Navvab Kashani ◽  
Sanaz Agarwal ◽  
Murat Gel ◽  
Matthew AB Baker
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flagellar Motor ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fold Enrichment ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Motile Species ◽  
Motile Bacteria

AbstractMany motile bacteria are propelled by the rotation of flagellar filaments. This rotation is driven by a membrane protein known as the stator-complex, which drives the rotor of the bacterial flagellar motor. Torque generation is powered in most cases by proton transit through the stator complex, with the next most common ionic power source being sodium. Synthetic chimeric stators which combine sodium- and proton-powered stators have enabled the interrogation of sodium-stators in species that are typically proton-powered, such as the sodium powered PomA-PotB stator complex in E. coli. Much is known about the signalling cascades that respond to attractant and govern switching bias as an end-product of chemotaxis, however less is known about how energetics and chemotaxis interact to affect the colonisation of environmental niches where ion concentrations and compositions may vary. Here we designed a fluidics system at low cost for rapid prototyping to separate motile and non-motile populations of bacteria. We measure separation efficiencies at varying ionic concentrations and confirm using fluorescence that our device can deliver eight-fold enrichment of the motile proportion of a mixed population of motile and non-motile species. Furthermore, our results show that we can select bacteria from reservoirs where sodium is not initially present. Overall, this technique can be used to implement long-term selection from liquid culture for directed evolution approaches to investigate the adaptation of motility in bacterial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Co-expression of double-stranded RNA and viral capsid protein in the novel engineered Escherichia coli DualX-B15(DE3) strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitti Wuthisathid ◽  
Thawatchai Chaijarasphong ◽  
Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun ◽  
Monsicha Somrit ◽  
Kallaya Sritunyalucksana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Rnase Iii ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Viral Capsid Proteins

Abstract Background Viruses cause significant economic losses to shrimp aquaculture worldwide. In severe cases, they can lead to 100% mortality within a matter of days, hence the aquaculture industry requires antiviral strategies to minimize economic impacts. Currently, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based platform has been proven effective at a laboratory scale. The bottleneck for its industrialization is the lack of low-cost, efficient and practical delivery approaches. In an effort to bridge the gap between laboratory and farm applications, virus-like particles (VLP) have been used as nanocarriers of dsRNA. However, the implementation of this approach still suffers from high costs and a lengthy procedure, co-expression of subunits of VLP or capsid proteins (CPs) and dsRNA can be the solution for the problem. CP and dsRNA are traditionally expressed in two different E. coli hosts: protease-deficient and RNase III-deficient strains. To condense the manufacturing of dsRNA-containing VLP, this study constructed a novel E. coli strain that is able to co-express viral capsid proteins and dsRNA in the same E. coli cell. Results A novel bacterial strain DualX-B15(DE3) was engineered to be both protease- and RNase III-deficiency via P1 phage transduction. The results revealed that it could simultaneously express recombinant proteins and dsRNA. Conclusion Co-expression of viral capsid proteins and dsRNA in the same cell has been shown to be feasible. Not only could this platform serve as a basis for future cost-effective and streamlined production of shrimp antiviral therapeutics, it may be applicable for other applications that requires co-expression of recombinant proteins and dsRNA.

Ocean Observing: Serving Stakeholders in the Pacific Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Iwamoto ◽  
Fiona Langenberger ◽  
Chris E. Ostrander
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Natural Resource Managers ◽  
Large Benefit ◽  
Stakeholder Needs ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Super Users

AbstractOperating an ocean observing system in a region as vast and diverse as the Exclusive Economic Zone of the U.S. Pacific Islands poses common and unique challenges that require tailored solutions. In order to address stakeholder needs for ocean data and information in a cost-effective and impactful manner, the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) functions under a framework of stakeholder-driven priority setting. This strategy employs an innovative categorization of stakeholders into four general categories for the purpose of delineating levels of engagement: (a) data super users, (b) industry and natural resource managers, (c) informed public ocean users, and (d) the general public. Stakeholder needs are continuously gathered through many avenues, including staff dedicated to communications and engagement throughout the region and a higher-level governance framework composed of signatory partners. Principles of degree of need and potential for positive impact are utilized for prioritization. Although PacIOOS cannot engage with all stakeholders in the region, the approach taken to identify, engage, and respond to stakeholders serves as an effective and efficient method to ensure that both specific ocean stakeholders and stakeholders, writ large, benefit from the resources and efforts expended to advance ocean observing in the region. Two case studies from separate geographies and components of the PacIOOS program illustrate the value of this stakeholder-driven approach to users in the region. This approach may serve as a model for how to effectively address stakeholder needs and improve decision making through a regional ocean observing system.

scholarly journals SITING AND DESIGN CRITERIA OF DOCK STRUCTURES IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
R.M. Noble ◽  
K.C. Leslie ◽  
D. O'Day
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

In the summer of 1978, a siting/design investigation for dock structures (Marshall Islands Dock Project) was conducted at 15 atolls within the Marshall Islands group (see Figure 1). The Marshall Islands are within the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), located in the North Pacific. The Marshall Islands Dock Project is part of the Capital Improvements Program currently underway in the Marshalls. The program, aimed towards making the Marshall Islands more selfsufficient in preparation for their independence in 1981, includes the construction of low cost dock structures for use by the design vessels described in this paper to load/unload agricultural products, supplies, and passengers. This study did not include the feasibility of this approach versus other alternative loading/unloading approaches. This investigation included site selection, development of design criteria, and the design and alignment schemes for 12 new dock structures. In addition, design criteria and plans were developed for the upgrading of three existing dock structures. The site selection was performed using a multidisciplinary approach which considered environmental, sociological, and archaeological impacts, in addition to the usual technical site selection. This paper only discusses the technical considerations to site selection. Overall responsibility for the project was assumed by the Pacific Ocean Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on behalf of the Government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Our work was performed for Alfred A. Yee & Associates, Inc., the structural engineer and prime contractor for the project, and in collaboration with R. M. Towill Corporation.

scholarly journals Direct purification of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein from E. coli in a single step

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Lin ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Lixin Ma ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nuclease Activity ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Purification System

AbstractCRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes have been recently used as promising biological tools with plenty of applications, however, there are by far no efficient methods to prepare them at large scale and low cost. Here, we present a simple method to directly produce and purify Cas RNP, including the widely used Cas9 and Cas12a nuclease, from E.coli in a single step using an ultra-high-affinity CL7/Im7 purification system. The prepared Cas RNP shows high stability, solid nuclease activity in vitro, and profound genome editing efficiency in vivo. Our method is convenient, cost-effective, and applicable to prepare other CRISPR associated nucleases.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

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