Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerapan Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Sekolah: Tinjauan Literatur

Children are an age group that is vulnerable to exposure to various sources of disease. The implementation of the school health service program to help reduce morbidity in children, but always influenced by various factors so that the implementation is not optimal. The purpose of writing this article is to review the factors that influence the implementation of school health service programs. The method of this article was a literature review. Literature search was conducted by using an online database of BMC, Google Scolar, Proquest, and Science Direct. The results of the article searched found 4 articles that fit the inclusion criteria and then an analysis was found that the factors that could affect the implementation of the school health service program include: the ability to build teacher capacity, school infrastructure, teacher attitudes, the number of health workers in school, and community culture. The conclusion of this literature review requires further research on the influence of the role of community nurses on the implementation of health services in schools. Keywords: program; health service; school ABSTRAK Anak merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan untuk terpapar dengan berbagai sumber penyakit. Pelaksanaan program pelayanan kesehatan sekolah untuk membantu mengurangi angka kesakitan pada anak, namun selalu dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sehingga pelaksanaan menjadi tidak optimal. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk meninjau faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan program pelayanan kesehatan sekolah. Metode penulisan artikel adalah tinjauan literatur. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan online data base BMC, Google Scolar, Proquest, dan Science Direct. Hasil dari penelusuran artikel ditemukan 4 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi kemudian dilakukan analisis ditemukan bahwa fakor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penerapan program pelayanan kesehatan sekolah antara lain: kemampuan membangun kapasitas guru, infrastruktur sekolah, sikap guru, jumlah tenaga kesehatan yang di sekolah, dan budaya komunitas. Kesimpulan dari tinjauan literatur ini diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh peran perawat komunitas terhadap pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan disekolah. Kata kunci: program; pelayanan kesehatan; sekolah

Modeling Nurse Time for School Health Service using System Dynamics

One of the national primary health care services in Malaysia is school health care. This care is very crucial as it ensures that, countrywide, the health of students from the age of five to fifteen is in a good condition. In Malaysia, nurses hold a major responsibility for delivering the school health service. However, there is no solid research investigating the nursing time required to deliver school health services. This paper presents a system dynamics model representing the specific school health services delivered by nurses. System Dynamics is a computer-aided approach to policy analysis and design. In this paper, the system dynamics model are represented by several causal loop diagrams which covers all the school health activities and is able to determine the projected total nurse time required in delivering the service. The baseline simulation result of the nurse time required for delivering school health services is about 1080000 hours in year 2030, which is equivalent to 680 full time equivalent (FTE) nurses. Furthermore, various what-if analyses are tested with the model, as it is important for policy makers to investigate various scenarios for an effective decision-making process. In other words, the theme of the study is to understand the implication of the changes in school population size and the modification of certain activities in the school health program on the nurse time spent delivering school health service by developing a dedicated forecasting system dynamics model for school health. The time horizon for the forecasting is from 2018 until 2030

Medical students assisted health checkup and focused health education – An integration of community and family medicine

Objective: The objective of the study was to integrate family medicine practice with the theme of school health service, nutrition and communication skills in the year 4 MBBS curriculum at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad. Methodology: Health checkup of students aged 5-15 years, in a private school Mashal Model School, Nurpur Shahan, Islamabad was carried out by a family physician assisted by 100 medical students of Year 4, undergoing Community and Family Medicine clerkship at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad. School children were given health education in their identified health problem. Medical students’ views regarding the activity were recorded through focused group discussion. Results: Each medical student got the opportunity to assist health checkup along with educating them on their health issue in an interactive group discussion for five minutes. Mean score of the impact of this activity on their career was found to be 7.55±1.04 while the impact of this activity in their role as a health provider was found to be 7.64±1.12. Different themes were generated from the focused group discussion. Conclusion: Themes of school health service, nutrition and communication skills can be successfully integrated in the undergraduate teaching of community and family medicine. Medical students by assisting the generalist practice in the school environment can learn communication skills, thus moving towards social responsibility.

Hubungan antara OMSK dengan Gangguan Pendengaran di Poliklinik THT RSUD dr. Slamet Garut

Kejadian OMSK hampir selalu dimulai dengan otitis media berulang pada anak, jarang dimulai setelah dewasa. Faktor infeksi biasanya berasal dari nasofaring, mencapai telinga tengah melalui tuba Eustachiu. Gangguan pendengaran tergantung dari derajat kerusakan tulang-tulang pendengaran. Biasanya di jumpai tuli konduktif namun dapat pula bersifat campuran. Prevalensi OMSK secara umum adalah 3,8%. Disamping itu pasien OMSK merupakan 25% dari pasien yang berobat di poliklinik THT rumah sakit di Indonesia. Angka kejadian OMSK yang rendah, di negara maju ditemukan pada pemeriksaan berkala, pada anak sekolah yang dilakukan oleh School Health Service di Inggris Raya sebesar 0,9%, tetapi prevalensi OMSK yang tinggi juga masih ditemukan pada ras tertentu di negara maju, seperti Native American Apache 8,2%, Indian Kanada 6%, dan Aborigin Australia 25%. Tujuan peneilitian untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis OMSK dengan gangguan pendengaran di Poli Klinik THT RSU dr. Slamet Garut. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi seluruh pasien yang berkunjunga ke poli THT dengan sampel sebanyak 46 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan yang kuat antara OMSK dengan gangguan pendengaran denga nilai uji statistik didapatkan 5,6 yang berarti nilai hitung lebih besar dari nilai tabel (3,841) dengan menggunakan nilai alpa 0,05. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan bahwa penderita OMSK yang disertai dengan keluhan gangguan pendengaran sebaiknya segera memeriksaan kondisinya ke dokter untuk mendapatkan penanganan lebih lanjut, mengingat keluhan gangguan pendengaran menunjukkan tanda bahaya yang diakibatkan oleh penyebaran infeksi ke telinga dalam

Experiences of school health nurses regarding the provision of the school health service delivery in the Tshwane district

Background: Irrespective of the provision of an integrated school health policy, the school health nurses continue to experience multiple challenges regarding the provisioning of school health service delivery.Aim: The aim of this paper was to explore and describe the experiences of school health nurses regarding school health service delivery in the Tshwane district.Setting: Schools in the Tshwane district in Pretoria were used in the study.Methods: A qualitative and descriptive phenomenological design was used to conduct the study. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample from the population of school health nurses employed in the Tshwane district and conduct the enquiry because of their knowledge and experience of school health services. The researchers collected data by means of unstructured, one-on-one in-depth interviews. The Tesch data analysis method was used by the researcher and co-coder. The researcher identified categories, subcategories and themes and these were reduced into grouping topics that were related to one another.Results: Positive and negative experiences of school health nurses emerged. It was evident from the findings of the study that the factors affecting the quality of the integrated school health programme (ISHP) provided were interrelated. Most of these factors negatively affected service delivery.Conclusion: It was recommended that the partnership between the National Department of Health and National Department of Basic Education as the main role players should be sustained at all times to ensure the successful implementation of the ISHP.