PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN TENTANG METAMORFOSIS MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR SERI DI KELOMPOK B TK NEGERI PEMBINA KOTA TASIKMALAYA

ABSTRACTThis research uses classroom action research method (PTK) model Kemmis and MC. Tanggart, the research was conducted based on the findings of the problem of understanding about metamorphosis in B TK Negeri Pembina, this is because in learning only use oral course in the introduction or explanation does not use supporting media that will facilitate the child understand about metamorphosis. One way that researchers can use in improving the understanding of metamorphosis is by using media and media that is used the series image media. Serial drawings are drawings that have a continuous arrangement. The purpose of this research is to get a picture about the improvement of understanding about metamorphosis through serial drawing media. Subjects in this study that is a child group B TK Negeri Pembina Tasikmalaya City in the even semester of the academic year 2018 which amounted to 8 children who are considered difficult children understand metamorphosis and researchers act as classroom teachers. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation. This research was conducted in 3 cycles and the result of the research that has been done shows the improvement of the teacher's ability in planning the learning, the ability of the teacher in managing the learning, the ability of the teacher in the use of drawing media series, the children's understanding about the metamorphosis and the children activity when engaging the drawing media series. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan MC. Tanggart, penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan temuan adanya masalah pemahaman tentang metamorfosis dikelmpok B TK Negeri Pembina, hal ini dikarenakan dalam pembelajaran hanya menggunakan lisan saja dalam pengenalan atau penjelasan tidak menggunakan media pendukung yang akan memudahkan anak memahami tentang metamorfosis. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan peneliti dalam meningkatkan pemahaman tentang metamorfosis yaitu dengan menggunakan media dan media yang digunakan yaitu media gambar seri. Gambar seri yaitu gambar yang mempunyai susunan yang berkesinambunga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh gambaran tentang peningkatan pemahaman tentang metamorfosis melalui media gambar seri. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Kota Tasikmalaya pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018 yang berjumlah 8 orang anak yang dianggap anak yang sulit memahami metamorfosis dan peneliti bertindak sebagai guru kelas. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan sokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus dan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan menunjukan peningkatan pada kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran, kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, kemampuan guru dalam penggunaan media gambar seri, pemahaman anak tentang metamorfosis dan aktivitas anak saat terlibat media gambar seri.

FEATURES OF SOCIALIZATION OF DIFFICULT CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

The aim of the work is to study optimal conditions for the socialization of difficult children and adolescents. The concept of “socialization” is defined and the characteristic features of this social process are considered in the article. The role of socialization institutions of different levels - the family and pedagogical institutions of different levels - is analyzed. The features and problems of difficult children and adolescents socialization are studied and recommendations are given for improving the effectiveness of this pedagogical and psychological process. A set of measures is proposed to optimize the education of difficult children and adolescents. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop new methods and approaches to the difficult children and adolescents socialization in order to correct their behavior in the conditions of changing behavior norms in society.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION MODELS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHE AS THE BASIS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS CONSTRUCTION FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

Relevance. Specialists providing psychological assistance to children with developmental disorders use programs based on different determination models. Each model and the resulting technology solves a well-defined range of problems and has limitations. The content of the models, as a rule, is not reflected, which reduces their efficiency. Purpose of the work is to compare the models determining the development of the psyche and behavior as the basis for constructing programs of psychological assistance to children with special needs. Method. Theoretical critical analysis and synthesis of literature on the research problem. Results. The contents of determination models of the development of the psyche and behavior (classical, neo-classical, post-neo-classical) are compared according to 4 characteristics. The types of determination factors and psychological assistance programs for children with developmental disorders are analyzed. A comparative analysis of psychological assistance programs and deterministic models on the basis of which they are built is carried out. The limitations of the models when using them to build developing programs are highlighted and described. It is shown how groups of factors under study are taken into account in the content of training programs. The limitations of models are highlighted and described. An innovative technology and algorithm for studying the system of determination influences in the framework of the post-neo-classical model of the private level for their use in research and practice of helping difficult children is proposed Conclusions. Determination models can be practically reviewed as clarifying and complementing each other. Understanding the possibilities and limitations of intervention technologies developed on the basis of different models expands the possibilities of providing psychological assistance to children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. The groups of external factors that determine the indicators of the development of “difficult” children do not fundamentally differ from those of normo-typical children. Groups of internal factors related to the indicators of the viability of a child and adolescent with developmental disabilities can act as learning goals in the construction of programs for psychological and pedagogical assistance to difficult children. The analysis of psychological assistance programs for children with special needs has shown that they are based on classical and neo-classical models and have both strengths and limitations due to the concepts of the systemic nature of the human psyche embedded in the models.

Characteristic of difficult children in adolescent, content and direction of preventive work with them

Psychoprophylaxis and psychocorrection should be used systematically to work with difficult children and to address their shortcomings. It is primarily aimed at the timely diagnosis of children with personality disorders and social deformities. At the same time, special attention should be paid to identifying the causes of difficulties in adolescents. On the basis of all this, the system of work with adolescents should be determined, taking into account their individual and psychological characteristics. To overcome this situation, psychologists and teachers should refer to the results of the application of the achievements of modern psychology in school life.