Results of intercomparison and calibration of Dobson spectrophotometer no.112, Japan-1996

An international comparison of Dobson spectrophotometer operated in the RA II and V regions was conducted in Japan during 1996. Countries participating with Dobson instruments were India, Japan, Korea, Philippines and Thailand. The reference standard instrument for the comparison was regional standard Dobson instrument no.116 maintained by Japan. The comparisons confirmed that the Indian standard no.112 was in good state of calibration and the data derived from the instrument was reliable.

Psychometric properties of an instrument 3: convergent, discriminant, known-groups, and criterion validity

Before evaluating convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity, it is suggested to design an instrument that reflects hypothetical relationships or differences with other comparator instruments or groups. For criterion validity, a gold-standard instrument measuring the same construct should be carefully selected.

Evaluation of long-term stability of monolithic 3D-printed robotic manipulator structures for minimally invasive surgery

Purpose In the era of patient-centered medicine, clinical procedures, tools and instruments should be individually adapted to the patient. In this context, the presented 3D-printed Single-Port Overtube Manipulator System follows the aims to provide patient- and task-specific disposable manipulators for minimally invasive surgery. In a first experiment, the robustness of the monolithic flexure hinge structures in use as robotic manipulators will be investigated. Methods Customizable monolithic manipulator structures designed by means of an automated design process and manufactured with selective laser sintering were investigated with regard to long-term stability in an endurance test. Therefore, a bare manipulator arm, an arm equipped with a standard instrument and finally loaded with an additional load of 0.5 N were evaluated by continuously following a trajectory within the workspace of the manipulator arms over a period of 90 min. Results The unloaded manipulator as well as the manipulator arm equipped with a standard instrument showed a sufficient reproducibility (deviation of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively, on average) with regard to an application as telemanipulated master–slave surgical robotic system. The 3D-printed manipulators showed no damage and maintained integrity after the experiment. Conclusion It has been shown that 3D-printed manipulators in principle are suitable for use as disposable surgical manipulator systems and offer a long-term stability over at least 90 min. The developed manipulator design shows great potential for the production of patient-, task- and user-specific robot systems. However, the manipulator geometries as well as the control strategies still show room for improvements.

Monitoring coastal areas: a brief history of measuring instruments for solar radiation

The first measuring instruments of solar radiation, for meteorological aims, were made only in 1800s. In 1896 OMI established a commission for radiometry which led, in 1905, to choose Ångström pyrheliometer as standard instrument. Later, radiometers were built with a chart recorder for measuring solar radiation components. Instruments using thermopile or photocell as sensitive element were made. From 1980s radiometers with data logger were built. In 2000s devices were developed for measuring solar radiation components in water column, for studies on physical and biological marine quantities.

Development and Validation of a New Instrument for Screening Bullies and Victims in Classrooms

Although a number of studies have been conducted on the subject of bullying, there is an absence of a standard instrument which can map the bullying network and identify the groups involved in it. The current study aimed to provide a standard instrument for screening bullies and victims in the classroom, which has validity and reliability indicators to map the network of relationships between the bullies and victims. In this regard, 337 high school students (176 males and 161 females) were selected via cluster sampling and, afterward, the Screening Instrument for Bullies and Victims in Classrooms (SIBVC) was used in the sample group. To examine the concurrent validity, Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) and Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) were used. The results depicted that the individuals’ scores of bullying and victimization in SIBVC are positively and negatively related to their scores in MESSY subscales, respectively. Also, individuals’ scores of bullying in SIBVC is positively related to bullying scores and negatively related to victimization scores in APRI. Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the reliability of SIBVC, and the results showed that in all classes, the obtained alpha was higher than .72. Two weeks after the first run, the instrument was reimplemented and the reliability coefficient was ( p < .001, r = .97 for bullying and r = .96 for victimization). The results depicted that SIBVC benefited from favorable validity, and it was able to identify the bullies and the victims quite well in the classrooms; also, SIBVC scores had favorable reliability over time. Criteria such as the use of dyadic nomination and network mapping among the groups involved in bullying are the benefits of SIBVC, which make it a useful and new instrument in bullying research.

INSTRUMEN HOTS MATEMATIKA BAGI MAHASISWA PGSD

The background of this research is that no standard instrument can measure the ability of HOTS PGSD students in lecturesin high-class mathematics education. This study aims to develop HOTS instruments that are valid, effective and practical.This research is development research. The results of this study were 1) produced valid devices based on expert judgment, 2)HOTS instruments produced were also effective in terms of increasing the HOTS category of PGSD students from the lowcategory up to the medium category, and 3) HOTS instruments categorized as very practical both from faculties of lecturersand students. This research implies that this instrument can be used as a standard measurement tool in knowing the ability ofHOTS PGSD students.

Instruments for Assessing Feigned or Exaggerated Psychopathology

This chapter reviews the most prominent instruments for assessing malingered mental illness and its symptoms. The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) has been regarded as the gold standard instrument in this area, but a recent revision, the SIRS-2, has come under considerable criticism that extends to its predecessor as well. Although the SIRS-2 may produce fewer false positives than the original SIRS, especially in intellectually disabled examinees and perhaps in examinees with dissociative identity disorder, it is less sensitive than the original SIRS and may misclassify a substantial number of of feigners as genuine. The strengths and weakness of instruments in this domain, such as the M-FAST and SIMMS, are discussed along with the costs of their use (time and money), diagnostic statistics, and recommended cutoff scores.