Analysis of the toxicological situation in Moscow in the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. On March 11, 2020, WHO announced the global COVID-19 pandemic. According to literature data, the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 affected the structure of acute chemical poisoning. The aim. Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures on the peculiarities of seeking advice and the structure of acute chemical poisoning in Moscow. Material and methods. The data of the registration forms “Card of recording of a consultation of a patient with acute poisoning of chemical etiology” in the period from March 30 to June 30, 2020 and 2019 were studied. The analysis indicators of a hospitalization of patients in the department of acute poisoning and somatopsychiatric disorders of N.V. Sklifosovsky, the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Results. It was found that in the analyzed period of 2020 compared to 2019, the proportion of injured people of working age decreased by 11.2%, while it increased at the age of 0-17 years by 3.2 times. An increase in the number of consultations for individuals by 2.1 times was noted. There was an increase in the number of complaints about poisoning with antibiotics, drugs from the T45 group (anticoagulants, vitamins, etc.), T37 (antiviral, anti-microbial, etc.) by 1.7-2 times. In March-June 2020, there was an increase in the number of complaints about the toxic effects of alcohol (T51), an increase in hospitalized patients with acute alcohol poisoning by 4 times, and with combined alcohol poisoning - by 2.7 times. The number of complaints about poisoning with detergents and disinfectants in the first three months of the pandemic increased by 2.7 times. Conclusion. The pandemic and the introduction of restrictive measures for COVID-19 have affected the toxicological situation in Moscow, which must be taken into account when determining the guidelines for organizational measures for the provision of medical care for acute chemical poisoning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Аlcohol as a cause of death. Dynamics of the indicator and its statistical analysis

The implementation of state programs in the feld of health protection, in particular to combat excessive alcohol consumption and associated mortality, naturally entails the need for regular and thorough monitoring the relevant indicators and determine the effectiveness of the measures taken. The authors of the study, in order to determine the dynamics of the rates of alcohol poisoning fatal cases, carried out an analysis of the statistical data. It is concluded that there is a tendency towards a gradual decrease in the studied indicator in various federal districts of Russian Federation, which determines the effectiveness of measures taken to combat excessive alcohol consumption, and also federal districts were identifed where additional measures are required.

Intoxication by Hand-Sanitizers and other Toxic Alcohols in a Low-Resource Setting: Two Case Reports

Toxic alcohol poisoning can be lethal if not identified early and treated appropriately. Toxic alcohol assays are often unavailable in low-resource setting, so clinicians have to infer a diagnosis based on suspicion, repeated evaluation and biochemical course. We report a case of toxic alcohol poisoning concealed by auto-intoxication with in-hospital hand sanitizer. The eventual appearance of a concurrent high anion gap prompted dialysis. In another case, a comatose patient presented with a high osmolal gap and a high anion gap. Incorrect a priori opinions caused us to defer dialysis and the patient died shortly afterwards. Clinicians should be aware that toxic alcohol poisoning can produce a confusing diagnostic picture with an insidious course, and that doctor delay can prove fatal.

Severe methanol poisoning treated with a novel hemodialysis system: a case report, analysis, and review

In May and June 2020, an outbreak of methanol poisoning arose in the southwest United States linked to ingestion of contaminated hand sanitizer imported during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, ultimately resulting in over a dozen hospitalizations and at least four deaths in New Mexico and Arizona. In this report, we describe one of these cases in which profound methanol intoxication was successfully treated with the Tablo® Hemodialysis System, the first reported case of toxic alcohol poisoning treated with this novel device. We carry out a formal regression analysis of the serial methanol levels obtained in this case to conservatively estimate that intermittent hemodialysis with Tablo achieved a clearance of methanol of 239 mL/min (95% confidence interval, 173–305 mL/min), a clearance that is well within the previously published standard of care. We conclude by reviewing both the treatment of toxic alcohol poisoning and the determinants of small molecule clearance with hemodialysis, emphasizing the importance of optimizing the dialytic treatment of intoxications with extended treatment times and the use of high-efficiency dialyzers.

Intoksikasi Alkohol Akibat Minuman Keras Oplosan

The incidence of alcoholic liquor poisoning (alcoholic liquor) in Indonesia shows a high number. One of the causes of alcohol poisoning is methanol. Methanol poisoning in Indonesia usually occurs as a result of drinking mixed alcohol liquor. It has been reported a male 23 years old with decreased consciousness after drinking oplosan alcohol suspected to contain methanol. The examination reveals that patients has metabolic acidosis, toxic optic neuropathy (TON) and erosive gastritis. Treatment was acidosis correction, prevent formation of metabolites, hemodialysis with supportive and symptomatic teraphy .Keywords: methanol, poisoning, alcohol mixed liquor

COVID-19 and Alcohol Poisoning: A Fatal Competition

ABSTRACT In March 2020, concurrently with the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran, the rate of alcohol poisoning was unexpectedly increased in the country. This study has attempted to make an overall description and analysis of this phenomenon by collecting credible data from the field, news, and reports published by the emergency centers and the Iranian Ministry of Health. The investigations showed that in May 20, 2020, more than 6150 people have been affected by methanol poisoning from whom 804 deaths have been reported. A major cause of the increased rate of alcohol poisoning in this period was actually the illusion that alcohol could eliminate the Coronaviruses having entered the body. It is of utmost importance that all mass media try to dismiss the cultural, religious, and political considerations and prepare convincing programs to openly discuss the side-effects of forged alcohol consumption with the public, especially with the youth. It must be clearly specified that “consuming alcohol cannot help prevent COVID-19.”

MANAGEMENT OF THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENT WITH TOXIC ALCOHOL POISONING

The aim of the study is to present the process of diagnosis and treatment of the patients poisoned with toxic alcohols. Furthermore, the suicide risk assessment was presented. The role of supportive cure and the importance of the treatment with alcohol dehydrogenase blockade with fomepizole or ethanol hemodialysis for severe intoxicated patients were presented. The differences in the treatment of poisoning with particular toxic alcohols were presented. Moreover, the important psychological factors in the management of this group of patients were also discussed. The paper was illustrated with typical case studies of patients suffering from methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication. Conclusions: 1. The recognition of toxic alcohol poisoning remains a challenge for the clinician, because nonspecific symptoms are similar in many other conditions. 2. Proper management of the poisoned patients requires thorough analysis of many aspects: circumstances of the event, laboratory findings, response to the treatment, and the patient’s psychological problems.