Effect of Fermented Soymilk-Honey from Different Probiotics on Osteocalcin Level in Menopausal Women

Osteoporosis has been discovered to be a risk factor for menopausal women. Although synbiotics (probiotics and prebiotics) are found in fermented soymilk-honey made using local probiotics, their effect on osteocalcin levels is still unknown. Therefore, this study’s objective was to determine the influence of fermented soymilk-honey from different probiotics on osteocalcin levels. A 90-day pre–post quasi-experimental study with a control design was conducted on 54 postmenopausal women divided into three intervention groups namely, the soymilk (SM) group, the soymilk-honey fermented with Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei R-68 (SMH Lc) group, and the soymilk-honey fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R 1.3.2 (SMH Lp) group. Participants consumed 100 mL of soymilk (SM) or fermented soymilk with honey (SMH Lc or SMH Lp) for 90 days. At the beginning and end of the study, the blood serum osteocalcin level was measured and subjects’ health status was assessed, such as cholesterol total, random blood glucose, and uric acid levels. Our results presented that in the SMH Lp group, 90 days supplementation of soy-honey milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R 1.3.2 significantly reduced the level of blood serum osteocalcin. Based on these results it is justified to perform more detailed studies on the effect of fermented soy-honey milk on bone health.

MO586RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background and Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the alterations in bone marrow density and other surrogate markers for osteoporosis in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus medical treatment as control. Method We searched four electronic databases and reference lists of relevant studies for eligible research published before December, 2019. After quality assessment, eligible studies were synthesized for relevant outcomes, including lumbar spine bone mineral density (L-spine BMD) change, total hip BMD change, osteocalcin level, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) level and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. Results Three randomized clinical trials and two observational studies concerning 307 total obese T2DM patients were included. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 months. Patients underwent RYGB surgery were associated with both higher L-spine BMD loss (mean difference: -2.90, 95% CI: -2.99∼-2.81, p<0.00001 )and total hip BMD loss (mean difference: -5.81, 95% CI: -9.22∼-2.40, p=0.0008). As to biochemical markers of bone metabolism, we found signifcantly higher osteocalcin level in medical treatment (control) group compared with RYGB group (mean difference: 11.16, 95% CI: 8.57∼13.75, p<0.00001). However, higher CTX level and PTH level were noted in medical treatment group (control) compared with RYGB group (mean difference: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11∼0.48, p=0.002; mean difference: 1.56, 95% CI: 0.84∼2.27, p<0.0001). Conclusion RYGB surgery is associated with negative impact on bone metabolism and increase the risk of osteoporosis in obese patients with T2DM. We suggest that clinicians acknowledge the adverse effects of surgery and keep monitoring bone mineral components in post-RYGB populations. Further studies regarding the optimal amount of peri-operative and post-surgical supplementation should be evaluated.

Serum Osteocalcin Level is Negatively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index by Digital Thermal Monitoring in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background and Objectives: Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone matrix, which is considered a marker of bone formation. Previous studies indicate that circulating osteocalcin can be expressed by osteoblasts and even by osteoblast-like cells in vessel walls, and it is often associated with arterial stiffness. Our study aims to examine the potential association between osteocalcin levels and endothelial function among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 68 KT recipients. To measure the endothelial function and vascular reactivity index (VRI), a digital thermal monitoring test (VENDYS) was used. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was also utilized to measure serum total osteocalcin levels. In this study, a VRI of less than 1.0 indicated poor vascular reactivity; a VRI of 1.0–2.0 indicated intermediate vascular reactivity; and a VRI of 2.0 or higher indicated good vascular reactivity. Results: Our findings show that 8 KT recipients (11.8%) had poor vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0), 26 (38.2%) had intermediate vascular reactivity (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and 34 (50%) had good vascular reactivity. Increased serum osteocalcin levels (p < 0.001) were found to be associated with poor vascular reactivity. Advanced age (r = −0.361, p = 0.002), serum alkaline phosphate level (r = −0.254, p = 0.037), and log-transformed osteocalcin levels (r = − 0.432, p < 0.001) were identified to be negatively correlated with VRI in KT recipients. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the serum level of osteocalcin (β = −0.391, adjusted R2 change = 0.174; p < 0.001) and advanced age (β = −0.308, adjusted R2 change = 0.084; p = 0.005) were significantly and independently associated with VRI in KT recipients. Conclusions: Higher serum osteocalcin level was associated with lower VRI and poorer endothelial dysfunction among KT recipients.

Influences of Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Combined with Orthodontics on Inflammatory Microenvironment, Osteocalcin Level, and Stability and Outcome of Offending Teeth in Periodontitis

Objective: To assess periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics' effect on the inflammatory microenvironment, osteocalcin level, and masticatory function and stability of offending teeth in periodontitis as well as its overall clinical therapeutic effect. Methods: 80 patients with periodontitis treated in our hospital were enrolled and separated into observation group (n = 40) (periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontic therapy) and control group (n = 40) (orthodontic therapy). All patients were followed up for 12 weeks. Inflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant of periodontal cells and masticatory function of offending teeth in both groups after treatment were measured, and osteocalcin level and stability of offending teeth in both groups were evaluated before treatment, and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Moreover, the overall therapeutic effects were recorded, such as tooth loosening, subjective symptoms and performing function. Results: At 12 weeks after treatment, the levels of TNF-α , IL-6 and IL-1 in observation group were significantly reduced compared to control group (p < 0 05), and the masticatory function of offending teeth was superior to control (p < 0 05). At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, the osteocalcin level and stability of offending teeth in observation group were better (p < 0 05). In terms of overall therapeutic effect, observation group presented significantly lower proportion of tooth loosening and superior scores of subjective symptoms and performing function of offending teeth (p < 0 05). Conclusion: Periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontic therapy can effectively reduce the local inflammation and improve the masticatory function of patients with periodontitis. At 2 weeks after treatment, the osteocalcin level and stability of offending teeth are significantly improved, with a satisfactory clinical therapeutic effect.

Osteocalcin, a promising marker of osteoporosis: evaluation in post-menopausal females with osteoporosis

Background: Osteocalcin, has high affinity for calcium. In osteoporotic women, deficiency of calcium may lead to lowering of the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Thus, in the state of hypo mineralization, free osteocalcin available in the circulation. Therefore, present study was designed to evaluate significance of serum osteocalcin in diagnosis of osteoporosis, and relationship between Serum Osteocalcin and BMD (Bone mineral Density) in post-menopausal females with osteoporosis and without osteoporosis.Methods: One hundred and forty seven post-menopausal women between age 45 to 80 years attending the hospital OPD were studied. To be eligible for the study they had to have been postmenopausal for at least one year. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made based on T-Scores (BMD) at the lumber spine (L1 to L4 and femaral neck) by DEXA (GE lunar Densitometer). Serum osteocalcin level was estimated by LIAISON osteocalcin assay. Patients with chronic conditions affecting skeletal health and patients on drugs affecting the skeleton were excluded from the study.Results: Serum osteocalcin level in post-menopausal female without osteoporosis was 9.87±1.04ng/ml, while post-menopausal female with osteoporosis had 22.62±2.25ng/ml suggesting significant increase in bone marker level in osteoporotic females (p<0.05.) Correlation study between BMD and osteocalcin showed strong Negative Correlation (r=-0.77, p<0.05).Conclusions: Serum osteocalcin can be considered as a specific marker of osteoblast function as its levels have been shown to correlate with bone formation rates. Thus, serum osteocalcin can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of response to therapy and this may be the better predictor than BMD.