scholarly journals Sistema de extraccion y tratamiento de metano

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Irma Adriana Cantú-Munguía ◽  
Albino Garay-De La O ◽  
Gabriel Garciabada-Silva ◽  
Aldo Aarón Hernández-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Biological Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
System Variables ◽  
External Combustion

Currently sanitary landfills are considered sources of atmospheric pollutants. Biogas, a product of the biological decomposition of organic waste, incorporates mostly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are greenhouse gases. A large number of municipal sanitary landfills do not have control over methane gas emissions to the surface. This project is based on the construction of a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from landfills. The objective was to manufacture and build a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from municipal sanitary landfills. That it implements the necessary sections and devices to treat the gas and in this way facilitate its later use as fuel in heating systems, domestic use and / or internal and external combustion thermal machines. Using for this purpose a system of gas extraction, separation of solids, de-humidification and desulphurisation process. In the system variables such as the percentage of methane, temperature and humidity are monitored, in order to give a stability to the gas treatment process.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI CAMPURAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU DAN KOTORAN SAPI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GAS METHANE PADA PEMBANGKIT BIOGAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurhilal ◽  
Purwiyanto Purwiyanto ◽  
Galih Mustiko Aji
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Methane Bacteria

Biogas is alternative energy produced from the anaerobic activity process of methane bacteria obtained by fermentation. Anaerobic activation is a sequence of microorganism processes breaking down biodegradable  materials without oxygen. Biogas is mostly produced from cow dung and tofu industry waste that has the potential to contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). To reduce the content of (CO2) and (H2S) and to increase the element of methane gas, the purification process is needed to do. Purification can be carried out by absorption techniques using water, NaOH solution, and zeolite/silica gel. The purpose of this study is to examine the methane gas content of variations in the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste and the fermentation time. The method used was an experiment by varying the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste by 40%: 60%; 50%: 50%; and 60%: 40%, as well as variations in the fermentation time of120, 168 and 216 hours of fermentation. The results showed that the highest methane gas content in the composition of a mixture of cow dung and tofu liquid waste was 50:50 in 168 hours of fermentation which was equal to 2.806%. The content of methane gas was influenced by the fermentation time, the pH conditions in the digester, and the intensity of stirring the biogas material in the digester.

scholarly journals Hybrid Analytical Platform Based on Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Infrared Sensing, and Luminescence-Based Oxygen Sensing for Exhaled Breath Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamina Hagemann ◽  
Stefan Repp ◽  
Boris Mizaikoff
Keyword(s):  
Ion Mobility Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Infrared Sensing ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The reliable online analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath remains a challenge as a plethora of molecules occur in different concentration ranges (i.e. ppt to %), and need to be detected against an extremely complex background matrix. While this complexity is commonly addressed by hyphenating a specific analytical technique with appropriate preconcentration and/or preseparation strategies prior to detection, we herein propose the combination of three analytical tools based on truly orthogonal measurement principles as an alternative solution: field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-based sensors utilizing substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG), and luminescence sensing (LS). These three tools have been integrated into a single compact analytical platform suitable for online exhaled breath analysis. The analytical performance of this prototype system was tested via artificial breath samples containing nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly present and detected in breath. Functionality of the combined system was demonstrated by detecting these analytes in their respectively breath-relevant concentration range and mutually independent of each other generating orthogonal yet correlated analytical signals. Finally, adaptation of the system towards the analysis of real breath samples during future studies is discussed.

Computer and Experimental Simulations of the Production of Methane Gas from Municipal Solid Waste

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Lee ◽  
I. H. Jung ◽  
W. B. Lee ◽  
J.-O. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Biological Decomposition ◽  
Reasonable Prediction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Prediction of quantity and quality of gas produced after landfilling is not easy because it is strongly dependent on the hydrological and biological parameters. The objective of this study was to develop the LEAGA-I model by combining a hydrological module of unsaturated flow theory with a biological decomposition module in order to predict methane gas production, even carbon dioxide gas production, using a pilot scale lysimeter. For a biological module, especially, three-step procedures, i.e., hydrolysis of refuse, acid formation, and methane formation were applied. As a result of this study, the LEAGA-1 model, developed by combining a hydrological module with a biological module, not only provided more reasonable prediction of gas production during landfill stabilization, but also turned out to be a useful model, as a result of comparison of the simulated values with the observed values of lab-reactor.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

Rancang Bangun E-Learning Pronounciation Bahasa Inggris STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung Berbasis Web

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dentik Karyaningsih ◽  
Puji Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Education ◽  
System Development ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
E Learning

Lecture courses in the English Language Education Study Program of STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung are still conducted in face-to-face class, so the students who do not attend lectures cannot know the pronunciation material at that time, because the Pronunciation course is a practical course in the English pronunciation system. The E-Learning Pronunciation is built so that lectures can be carried out anywhere and anytime without reducing the quality of the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the students who are left behind can continue to follow the Pronunciation course material, as well as habituating students in utilizing communication and information technology. E-Learning Pronunciation is important to be built to improve the ability of students’ pronunciation when doing distance learning, so that students are clearer and more firm in understanding Pronunciation so that there are no errors in English pronunciation. Participants in this study were first semester students of English education study programs. This study uses an experimental research design with the Prototype System development method and system of testing uses Black box testing.

Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6859-6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adzmi ◽  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Z. Abdullah ◽  
A. G. Mrwan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Co Addition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Test Fuel

Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.  

Unifying Calibration Parameters for Dielectric Moisture Meter

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Mészáros ◽  
David B. Funk
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
University Of Budapest ◽  
Improved Accuracy

The Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm is capable of improved accuracy and allows the combination of many grain types into a single “unified calibration”. The purposes of this research were to establish processes for determining unifying parameters from the chemical and physical properties of grains. The data used in this research were obtained as part of the United States Department of Agriculture-Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration's Annual Moisture Calibration Study. More than 5,000 grain samples were tested with a Hewlett-Packard 4291A Material/Impedance Analyzer. Temperature tests were done with a Very High Frequency prototype system at Corvinus University of Budapest. Typical chemical and physical parameters for each of the major grain types were obtained from the literature. Data were analyzed by multivariate chemometric methods. One of the most important unifying parameters (Slope) and the temperature correction coefficient were successfully modeled. The Offset and Translation unifying parameters were not modeled successfully, but these parameters can be estimated relatively easily through limited grain tests.

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