Fractal Analysis of Interval Series of Prime Numbers

The paper presents a fractal analysis of interval series, the members of which are consecutive deviations of natural prime numbers. Fractal analysis, which has been in full force since the end of the last century, has made it possible to identify new, unusual properties of geometric and physical objects and processes, including predicting the behavior of time and spatial series. The combination of two structural blocks - the spatial interval series of increasing power and the fractal set made it possible to apply the fractal technique to the study of the sequence of intervals. With its help, the idea of the phenomenon of intervals of prime numbers as a structure that does not contradict the nature of most natural phenomena is expanded. Using the Hurst method and scaling it is established that the appearance of intervals of prime numbers is not random. With restrictions on the available computer memory, criteria-based estimates of interval series of different capacities were carried out and it was found that they have the properties of scale invariance, multifractality and self-similarity. The performed estimates confirm that the continuum of primes at all scale levels belongs to fractal sets.

The use of pedagogical W-technology for the formation of the research potential of students

Substantiated is the expediency of using universal pedagogical W-technology to form the research potential of the students, by taking into account the conceptual ideas of culture-centricity in education. The approaches to the development of technology are argued as a systemic combination of all parts of the proposed author’s model, which, with a sufficient degree, made it possible to take into account the identified factors, structural blocks and their influence at different pedagogical levels. The constructive need for its use as a pedagogical toolkit in the process of student research has been updated.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF RENDERING MORTARS IN CERAMIC AND CONCRETE STRUCTURAL BLOCKS

The tensile bond strength is one of the main properties of rendering mortars. It represents the adhesiveness ability between the mortar itself and the substrate. This property depends on several factors, such as the proportion and characteristics of the mortar materials and the substrate, along with the mode of application and climate conditions. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the tensile bond strength between three rendering mortar proportions in volume – 1: 1: 6, 1: 2: 9, and 1: 6 (with plasticizer additive) – each one applied on two substrates, ceramic structural blocks with roughcast and concrete structural blocks. The rendering mortars had their physical properties evaluated in fresh and hardened stages, as well as their compressive and tensile strengths in flexure. The tensile bond strength was determined by a pullout test on ceramic and concrete masonry walls exposed to external weather. The results showed that the 1: 1: 6 mixed mortar exhibited higher tensile bond strength in both substrates of ceramic blocks with roughcast and concrete blocks without preparation. Besides, among 1: 2: 9 and 1: 6 mortars there is no significant difference in tensile bond strength considering both substrates. Another conclusion was that the substrate type did not affect the final bond strength between the mortars.

The Smart City Ontology 2.0: Assessing the Components and Interdependencies of City Smartness

The paper is a follow-up of a previous investigation and effort to develop the ontology of the smart city (Komninos, N., Bratsas, C., Kakderi, C., and Tsarchopoulos, P. "Smart city ontologies: Improving the effectiveness of smart city applications". Journal of Smart Cities, vol. 1(1), 1-17. https://www.komninos.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/2015-Smart-City-Ontologies-Published.pdf). Since the publication of this article in 2015, research and literature on smart cities have evolved significantly, as have the technologies for digital spaces and applications that support city functions. These developments are reflected in the present form of the smart city ontology 2.0 we propose. It depicts the building blocks of the smart city ontology (technologies, structure, function, planning), and the object properties and data properties that connect structural blocks and classes. The aim of the SCO 2.0 is to provide a better understanding and description of the smart/intelligent city landscape; identify the main components and processes, the terms used to describe them, their definition and meaning; clarify key processes related to the integration of the different dimensions of the smart city, mainly the physical, social, and digital dimensions. The paper is accompanied by an owl file, developing the ontology through the editor Protégé.

A New Cost-Efficient Design of a Reversible Gate Based on a Nano-Scale Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Technology

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology is a practical suggestion for replacing present silicon-based technologies. It provides many benefits, such as low power usage, high velocity, and an extreme density of logic functions on a chip. In contrast, designing circuits with no waste of information (reversible circuits) may further reduce energy losses. The Feynman gate has been recognized as one of the most famous QCA-based gates for this purpose. Since reversible gates are significant, this paper develops a new optimized reversible double Feynman gate that uses efficient arithmetic elements as its key structural blocks. Additionally, we used several modeling principles to make it consistent and more robust against noise. Moreover, we examined the suggested model and compared it to the previous models regarding the complexity, clocking, number of cells, and latency. Furthermore, we applied QCADesigner to monitor the outline and performance of the proposed gate. The results show an acceptable improvement via the designed double Feynman gate in comparison to the existing designs. Finally, the temperature and cost analysis indicated the efficiency of the proposed nan-scale gate.

Synthesis of Bioactive Fluoropyrrolidines via Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides

Chiral pyrrolidinyl units are important building blocks in biologically active natural products and drugs, thereupon, searching approaches for the synthesis of diverse structured pyrrolidine derivatives is of great importance. Meanwhile, owing to the special physicochemical properties of fluorine atoms, the introduction of fluorine containing groups into small molecules often change their activities to a great extent. Herein, we reported an efficient route to chiral 3,3-difluoro- and 3,3,4-trifluoropyrrodinyl derivatives by Cu(I)-catalyzed enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with less active 1,1-difluoro- and 1,1,2-trifluoroalkenes. A series of new fluorinated pyrrolidines have been prepared in high yields (up to 96%) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to > 20:1 dr and 97% ee), and these unique structural blocks could be readily introduced into some natural compounds and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, antifungal activity investigation against four common plant funguses showed that some products possess general and high biological activities (up to 93% inhibition rate), the comparison with the antifungal activities of corresponding non-fluorinated compounds (low to 13% inhibition rate) revealed that the fluorine atoms at pyrrolidinyl rings play a crucial role in the antifungal activity, which prove the special properties of fluorine atoms in organic molecules.

Life Cycle Assessment of External Vertical Closing Systems: Sealing Masonry vs. Structural Masonry – a Brazilian Case Study

The civil construction industry is one of the sectors that most consume natural resources in the world and, consequently, one of that generate more waste. Thinking about constructive techniques that generate less impact on the environment is vital to ensure sustainable development. In this scenario, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been presented as an internationally recognized approach, that assesses the potential impact of products and services on human health and the environment, throughout its entire life cycle. Aimed to identify construction techniques and vertical closing systems that generate less impact and consumption of natural resources, the impacts generated by the life cycle of the three vertical closing systems most applied in construction sites in Brazil were compared: ceramic brick masonry system (CBr); concrete block masonry system (CBk); and structural blocks masonry system (SBk). The SBk proved to be the least impacting to the “Resource Scarcity”, “Damage to Human Health”, and “Damage to the diversity of Ecosystems” interesting areas. This performance is directly related to the use of cement CPIII type and also by the fact that the SBk consumes less concrete and mortar than the others. Already the "Water Consumption" area, the CBk was the least impacting due to the lower consumption of electricity during its life cycle. The reliability of the results was proven through a sensitivity analysis of the normalization and characterization factors, which consisted of comparing the results obtained by applying two different methodologies. It is believed that the LCA study carried out can assist in the decision-making process regarding the choice of the most sustainable construction method.

“Análisis Estructural y propuesta de reforzamiento del edificio de Facultad de Ciencias Humanísticas de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí”

El Ecuador se ha caracterizado por ser un País de alto riesgo sísmico debido a que se encuentra ubicado en la zona denominada “Cinturón de fuego del Pacifico”, esta denominada así por ser la región más susceptible de experimentar los efectos de terremotos y erupciones volcánicas. Por esta razón los estudios de peligrosidad sísmica son imprescindibles para saber de la manera más precisa posible, los niveles de movimiento del terreno que deberá soportar una determinada estructura a partir de un sismo. En esta investigación se comienza con el análisis de los estudios de suelo ya realizados verificando el tipo de respuesta que tiene el suelo. De acuerdo al estudio de microzonificación sísmica se especifica las zonas donde y como se puede construir dependiendo del tipo del suelo que exista en cada sector, esto se encuentra especificado en la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción NEC (2015). En cualquier análisis estructural que se realice se debe tomar en cuenta normativas y especificaciones que garanticen un comportamiento sismo-resistente de las estructuras. Para realizar el presente estudio se aplicarán las normas y recomendaciones especificadas por el Código Ecuatoriano de la Construcción, se realizará un análisis estructural del edificio, cuenta con una cimentación de zapata corrida en dos direcciones, funciona como aulas y oficinas, está caracterizado por ser regular, cuenta con 2 bloques estructurales los cuales posee 3 niveles cada uno, son de estructuras aporticada de concreto armado, el análisis sísmico se efectuó en el programa ETABS. Una vez realizado el análisis aplicando los métodos estáticos equivalente y dinámico modal espectral se obtuvo como resultado que las derivas de piso exceden a los límites establecidos por la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción NEC (2015) en dos bloques estructurales, por lo que se planteó la propuesta de reforzamiento estructural aumentando la sección de columnas e implementando muros de corte. Palabras clave: Riesgo sísmico, microzonificación sísmica, fuerza cortante, deriva de piso, dinámico modal espectral. Abstract— Ecuador has been characterized by being a country of high seismic risk because it is located in the area called “Pacific Fireincturon”, which is called the region most susceptible to experiencing the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. For this reason, seismic hazard studies are essential to know in the most precise way possible the levels of movement of the terrain that a certain structure will have to withstand from a seism. In this investigation, analysis of soil studies already carried out by verifying the type of response of the soil. According to the seismic microzoning study, the areas where and how it can be built depending on the type of soil that exists in each sector, this is specified in the Ecuadorean Standard of Construction NEC (2015). Any structural analysis carried out must take into account regulations and specifications that ensure the same-resistant behaviour of the structures. To carry out this study, the norms and recommendations specified by the Ecuadorean Construction Code will be applied, a structural analysis of the building will be carried out, it has a foundation of strip footing in two directions, it functions as classrooms and offices, it is characterized by being regular, it has 2 structural blocks which have 3 levels each, they are of structures aporticated of reinforced concrete Once the analysis has been carried out using the static equivalent and dynamic spectral modal methods, it was obtained that the floor shifts exceed the limits set by the Ecuadorean Standard of Construction NEC (2015) in two structural blocks, so the proposal for structural reinforcement was proposed by increasing the column section and implementing cutting walls. Index Terms—Seismic risk, seismic microzoning, shear force, floor drift, spectral modal dynamic.

GRCircuit - Functional Macro Blocks Circuit Recovering Tool

Considering that the more information you can gather about a particular circuit, you can address problems more accurately in the Eletronic Design Automation (EDA) eld, therefore, many tools focus on obtaining the maximum amount of information about the input to which it is provided in order to determine which are the best algorithms to each instance. Some of these tools are the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem solvers; which, for the most part, receive formulas described in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) as input. The circuits encoding process to the CNF format, unfortunately, destroy much of the information that could have been used to optimize SAT solvers, as part of this informations must be recovered to avoid applying generic algorithms in the solution of SAT problems. One of the difficult aspects of retrieving this information corresponds to the matching of clauses to its respective logic gates, as well as which sets of logic gates correlate to a functional block. The present work makes use of subgraph isomorphism algorithms to recover circuits encoded in CNF-DIMACS maximimizing the number of clauses handled, both at the level of logic gates as well as more complex structural blocks, which allow their identification at higher levels of abstraction. Our tool was able to successfully recover all circuits

ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC WORKS AND EXECUTIVE SURVEY INSTALLATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES

Modern construction of bridge crossings is impossible without engineering and geodetic works. When transferring a project to the terrain, it is necessary to perform measurements in the horizontal and vertical planes with high accuracy. Geodetic works, to secure the design position and dimensions of both the entire sporida and its surrounding parts, to be carried out by procrastination before the construction of the bridge. Geodetic work during the construction of bridges and other structures is a complex of measurements, calculations and constructions on the ground, in which the design placement of structures must be ensured. The purpose of the article is to consider engineering and geodetic works during the construction of a bridge as part of a combined bridge crossing. At the stages of the construction of the bridge, the accuracy of the project is required, which will ensure geodesic work. These include: the breakdown of bridge supports at different stages of their construction, control of the erection of the superstructure and its installation on the support parts. To perform geodetic works such equipment as an electronic total station "Sokkia 630" and a digital level of the brand "Trimble DiNi" were used. The coordinates of the benchmarks were obtained and entered into the plan of the area. To work with them, anchors were driven into the asphalt and soil, photographed and entered into the documentation. On the pillars of the bridge were glued marks for the notch of the device, with a reflective effect. The data of coordinates and heights were entered into the memory of the total station. The method and procedure for geodetic works during the installation of bridge spans depend on their design and materials. At present, the most common methods of superstructures erection include hinged and semi-hinged assembly, assembly on the slipway, assembly on the shore with subsequent thrusting. When installing superstructures, the main tasks of geodetic support are to determine the straightness of the main beams and measure the so-called building lift. In the practice of bridge building, the degree of use of industrial construction methods is growing, that is, the manufacture of individual structural blocks with their subsequent connection at a regular place, which contributes to an increase in labor productivity and the quality of bridges.