Structural setting at the contact of the Southern Alps and Dinarides in western Cerkljansko region (western Slovenia)

The area between the villages of Reka in the Idrijca Valley, Bukovo and Zakriž near Cerkno belongs geographically and geotectonically to the Dinarides. The area consists of two large inner thrust blocks of the Trnovo nappe, which were thrusted for tens of kilometers in the direction of SW to their present position. They are overlain by the Tolmin nappe, the lowest thrust unit of the Southern Alps. The Tolmin nappe was thrusted from N to S and consists of two inner thrust blocks and a smaller intermediate inner sheet. In the western part of the area the contact between Southern Alps and the Dinarides runs along the regional Sovodenj fault.Although the rocks in the considered thrust units are about the same age, different stratigraphic settings could be recognized. The lithostratigraphic features of the Ladinian-Lower Carnian Pseudizilian beds are particularly striking. Succession of clastic and carbonate rocks was deposited in deep-marine Slovenian basin. In both the Trnovo and Tolmin nappe, Pseudozilian beds occur in the lithologically characteristic sequences but, in the Tolmin nappe, they are developed in a much greater thickness than in the Trnovo nappe and pass continuously upwards into Amphyclina beds, while in the Trnovo nappe, on the other hand, the succession of Pseudozilian beds is much thinner and is overlain by the platform Cordevol dolomite.

Multiscale Decomposition Prediction of Propagation Loss in Oceanic Tropospheric Ducts

The oceanic tropospheric duct is a structure with an abnormal atmospheric refractive index. This structure severely affects the remote sensing detection capability of electromagnetic systems designed for an environment with normal atmospheric refraction. The propagation loss of electromagnetic waves in the oceanic duct is an important concept in oceanic duct research. Owing to the long-term stability and short-term irregular changes in marine environmental parameters, the propagation loss in oceanic ducts has nonstationary and multiscale time characteristics. In this paper, we propose a multiscale decomposition prediction method for predicting the propagation loss in oceanic tropospheric ducts. The prediction performance was verified by simulating propagation loss data with noise. Using different evaluation criteria, the experimental results indicated that the proposed method outperforms six other comparison methods. Under noisy conditions, ensemble empirical mode decomposition effectively disassembles the original propagation loss into a limited number of stable sequences with different scale characteristics. Accordingly, predictive modeling was conducted based on multiscale propagation loss characteristic sequences. Finally, we reconstructed the predicted result to obtain the predicted value of the propagation loss in the oceanic duct. Additionally, a genetic algorithm was used to improve the generalization ability of the proposed method while avoiding the nonlinear predictor from falling into a local optimum.

Entertainment Is a Journey, Not Just a Destination

This chapter takes a process view of the entertainment experience by discussing how one can define an experience as a process and how media experience processes contribute to entertainment. Against the background of general theories about time, process, and measurement, an entertainment process is conceptualized as a set of characteristic sequences of intelligibly connected events based on specific rules and parameters of time. These characteristic events could be seen as entertainment experiences themselves, but they also contribute to a final evaluation after media exposure. Although most communication scholars concur that entertainment has processual aspects and therefore measure responses or experiences during exposure, a perspective on the process as a whole (i.e., its time dependency and consequences) is rarely investigated. Therefore, the process perspective is analyzed using a number of entertainment theories. This research posits that entertainment theories as well as the measurement of entertainment processes could benefit from a more detailed exposition about the theoretical assumptions on the shape of a process.

The Convergence of the Hedgehog/Intein Fold in Different Protein Splicing Mechanisms

Protein splicing catalyzed by inteins utilizes many different combinations of amino-acid types at active sites. Inteins have been classified into three classes based on their characteristic sequences. We investigated the structural basis of the protein splicing mechanism of class 3 inteins by determining crystal structures of variants of a class 3 intein from Mycobacterium chimaera and molecular dynamics simulations, which suggested that the class 3 intein utilizes a different splicing mechanism from that of class 1 and 2 inteins. The class 3 intein uses a bond cleavage strategy reminiscent of proteases but share the same Hedgehog/INTein (HINT) fold of other intein classes. Engineering of class 3 inteins from a class 1 intein indicated that a class 3 intein would unlikely evolve directly from a class 1 or 2 intein. The HINT fold appears as structural and functional solution for trans-peptidyl and trans-esterification reactions commonly exploited by diverse mechanisms using different combinations of amino-acid types for the active-site residues.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of WRKY Gene Family in Camelina Sativa

Background: WRKY gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families and WRKY proteins (WRKYs) have the complex biological functions to regulate plant metabolic processes. Although the WRKY genes were identified in many species and the functions were verified, there were no reports of Camelina sativa WRKY genes.Results: In this investigation, a total of 202 CsWRKY genes were identified and encoded 242 CsWRKYs. The CsWRKYs were further classified into three major groups according to their structure and phylogeny. The comprehensive analysis showed the characteristic sequences of CsWRKYs were conserved in the evolutionary process. In addition, the 137 segmental duplication events were the major force to expand the CsWRKY members in evolution. Compared with other reported plant species, CsWRKYs family as the largest WRKY gene family had maximum members. Furthermore, expression profiling indicated that different CsWRKY members exhibited differently in shoots and roots, and some CsWRKY genes were also up-regulated to varying degrees under salt stress in shoots.Conclusions: In this research, a detailed overview of CsWRKY family genes and expression patterns offered precious information for understanding the potential evolutionary process and the biological functions of CsWRKY genes, which was useful for the further characteristic research of CsWRKY genes and the development of high-quality Camelina sativa varieties.

Research on Complex Classification Algorithm of Breast Cancer Chip Based on SVM-RFE Gene Feature Screening

Screening and classification of characteristic genes is a complex classification problem, and the characteristic sequences of gene expression show high-dimensional characteristics. How to select an effective gene screening algorithm is the main problem to be solved by analyzing gene chips. The combination of KNN, SVM, and SVM-RFE is selected to screen complex classification problems, and a new method to solve complex classification problems is provided. In the process of gene chip pretreatment, LogFC and P value equivalents in the gene expression matrix are screened, and different gene features are screened, and then SVM-RFE algorithm is used to sort and screen genes. Firstly, the characteristics of gene chips are analyzed and the number between probes and genes is counted. Clustering analysis among each sample and PCA classification analysis of different samples are carried out. Secondly, the basic algorithms of SVM and KNN are tested, and the important indexes such as error rate and accuracy rate of the algorithms are tested to obtain the optimal parameters. Finally, the performance indexes of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 of several complex classification algorithms are compared through the complex classification of SVM, KNN, KNN-PCA, SVM-PCA, SVM-RFE-SVM, and SVM-RFE-KNN at P=0. 01,0.05,0.001. SVM-RFE-SVM has the best classification effect and can be used as a gene chip classification algorithm to analyze the characteristics of genes.

Using of intermediate point predictions to predict chaotic time series with many steps forward

The proposed work (within the clustering prediction paradigm) presents an approach to predicting chaotic time series by many steps at least for those points for which such a forecast is possible. This is used to forecast the forecast values at intermediate points of the forecasting interval and proposes algorithms for estimating the reliability of these forecast values. The above tasks require the use of clustering algorithms based on the apparatus of graph theory to find characteristic sequences (motives) in a known part of the predicted series and their use in obtaining the forecast. When predicting many steps forward, the predicted values at intermediate points are obtained using the algorithm. Namely, the use of the concept of inconsistent observation patterns proposed by the authors in the formation of sample vectors to be clustered at the stage of motive identification allows one to obtain many (albeit correlated) forecasts for one point; analysis of many forecasts allows you to drop obviously erroneous forecasts. In addition, three estimates for the projected points were constructed: the top estimate is the estimate obtained by applying motives to all observed points; lower estimate - an estimate obtained by applying motives only to those points on which you can rely; we will know these points; approximation of the lower estimate - the estimate obtained by applying motives only to those points on which you can rely, while the support points will be selected according to the value of their invariant measure. The following can be indicated as the main planned research results: (1) establishing the nature of the dependence of the number of unpredictable points and the average forecast error for points for which a forecast is possible, as a function of the length of the forecast interval; (2) algorithms for assessing the reliability of the obtained forecast values at intermediate points of the forecasting interval and evaluating their impact on the quality of forecasting; (3) the construction of a system of algorithms that allows predicting chaotictime series many steps forward.

Is the Twilight Saga a Modern-Time Fairy Tale? A Study of Stephenie Meyer’s Source Material from Folklore and Canonical Narratives

The article presents an analysis of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight novels as modern literary fairy-tales. To this end, the discussion will refer to structuralist critics, and identify “narrative functions” from folktales (stock images and episodes, stock character functions, characteristic sequences of episodes), used by Meyer in her vampire novels. As it turns out, Meyer modified folklore material to sustain a long and variously themed narrative: by embedding numerous subplots, by rearranging functions between characters, and creating composite and collective characters that combine contradictory functions. The author transformed several folktales into a series of four novels about coming of age in the twenty-first-century United States. A detailed analysis of Meyer’s modifications of the folktale partially corroborates the feminist critique of Meyer’s representation of the protagonists as reinforced versions of cultural stereotypes and gender roles. However, some transformations, especially Meyer’s assignment of the hero-function to the female protagonist Bella, seem to suggest just the opposite, thus leading to the conclusion that the Twilight novels reflect the confusion caused by contradictory role-models and aspirations, the confusion that seems to be inherent in a coming-of-age novel.