The Effect of the Behavioral Systems Model on the Concern of Mothers of Children Admitted to the Surgical Ward

Background: The crisis caused by the child's illness and hospitalization affects all family members. Fear, worry, and anxiety are common issues of hospitalized children’s mothers. Betty Newman's system model plays a vital role in adapting to stress detection and control. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of the behavioral systems model on the concerns of mothers of children admitted to the surgical ward. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 mothers of children admitted to the surgical ward of the Mousavi Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, in 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and then divided into test and control groups using non-probability sampling. According to Neuman's systems model, participants in the test group received nursing care in 3 - 4 sessions (each lasting 30 - 45 minutes). Participants in the control group received only routine ward care. Data were collected using the Parental Concern Scale and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software using statistical tests (analysis of covariance, unpaired samples t-test, and paired sample test). Results: The mean score of maternal concerns before the intervention was 42.6 ± 3.06 in the control group and 43.21 ± 2.27 in the test group. The results of the independent samples t-test did not show any significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal concerns (P = 0.11). The mean post-intervention maternal concern score was 37.6 ± 2.71 and 41.716 ± 2.55 in the test and control groups, showing a significant difference between the groups as indicated by the t-test results (P < 0.01). However, the paired t-test outcomes showed no difference in the mean maternal concern score in the control group before and after the intervention (P = 0.92). In contrast, there was a significant difference in the mean maternal concern score in the test group before and after the intervention (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Given the effectiveness of Betty Neuman’s systems model, it can be used as a low-cost, effective care method to reduce maternal stress as the model was developed for understanding clients’ and caregivers’ needs and reducing their stress.

TINGKAT KEPEDULIAN IBU TENTANG LITERASI MEDIA ANAK USIA DINI BERDASARKAN GEOSOSIAL

Mother's concern for good and correct media literacy for early childhood is very important. This attitude can also be analyzed for high and low levels and sought for differences if seen from geosocial factors. Researchers examined mothers based on significant differences between villages and cities in Malang. The research method used is comparative quantitative research. The comparative test in this study used the Independent T-Test which calculations using Microsoft Excel 2010 for Windows 10. The results of a comparative test with a total of 80 samples showed the conclusion that the level of maternal concern for AUD media literacy was not influenced by geosocial. But there are differences in the percentage of each aspect of the caring factor that needs to be considered, namely the highest percentage is in the aspect of understanding while the habituation aspect becomes the lowest aspect of the percentage. Although not influenced by geosocial factors, this can be one of the new problems for other researchers to further examine the causes and solutions of the inconsistencies between aspects of understanding and habituation in the attitude of maternal care for media literacy in early childhood.Kepedulian ibu dalam literasi media yang baik dan benar bagi anak usia dini adalah sangat penting. Sikap ini juga dapat dianalisis tingkat tinggi rendahnya serta dicari perbedaannya jika dilihat dari faktor geososial. Peneliti meneliti para ibu berdasarkan perbedaan signifikan antara desa dan kota di Malang. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif komparatif. Uji komparasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Independent T-Test yang penghitungannya menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 for Windows 10. Hasil dari uji komparasi dengan total 80 sampel menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa tingkat kepedulian ibu terhadap literasi media AUD tidak dipengaruhi oleh geososial. Namun terdapat perbedaan persentase pada setiap aspek dari faktor kepedulian yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu persentase tertinggi ada pada aspek pemahaman sedangkan aspek pembiasaan menjadi aspek yang terendah persentasenya. Meskipun tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor geososial, hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu permasalahan baru bagi peneliti lain untuk diteliti lebih lanjut penyebab maupun solusi dari ketidaksinkronan antara aspek pemahaman dengan pembiasaan dalam sikap kepedulian ibu terhadap literasi media anak usia dini.

Threats Within

White segregationist women nationwide believed that the Brown decision threatened their private, public, and political authority. Long committed to the Jim Crow order, they emerged as the mass in massive resistance. They painted the family as the center of political life, with parental authority eroded by a federal government. Because school integration eroded their ability to secure the benefits of white supremacy for their children, it compromised their ability to be good mothers. They called for school choice, lobbied for local choice plans, and worked for the white Citizens’ Councils. At times their political language minimized racial identity and replaced it with a particular gender identity, prioritizing motherhood and burying whiteness and offering a color-blind discourse for a national audience. But Brown also put black children at the forefront of the movement, forcing white segregationist women to cast aside a language of maternal concern for one that degraded black schoolchildren.

Delivery modes in case of fetal malformations

An estimated 276,000 babies die within 4 weeks of birth every year, worldwide, from congenital anomalies. Better quality ultrasound screening can increase the detection of these fetal malformations in the prenatal period. Prenatal counseling for the pregnant woman and her family, regarding the nature of the disease and prognosis is necessary. Options for management in prenatal, perinatal, intrapartum, neonatal, and childhood periods need to be thoroughly discussed, so that the family can make an informed decision. A multidisciplinary approach is usually needed once a decision has been made to optimize fetal outcome, to plan for the timing and location as well as the mode of delivery. In most of the cases, vaginal delivery can be attempted. An elective cesarean delivery should be reserved for maternal concern of dystocia, certain fetal conditions that cesarean delivery will optimize perinatal outcome, or if the parents have a psychosocial determination to have a live-born infant.