Universal Service Systems for Scalable Copper Packaging of Discrete Circuit Components

In the decade of digital electronics, no matter what type is, high-value, high-complexity, high-performance devices (such as the main microprocessor core in smart phones) is undoubtedly crucial. However, simple discrete circuit components (such as capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc.) are also essential for mobile phones. In order to continue to increase functionality and reliability, reduce size and power consumption, reduce costs, and any function we seek in electronic equipment, there is always the basic principle of squeezing everything onto the same semiconductor chip. However, in some unavoidable situations, not all circuit components can run on the same chip. This service system uses a copper substrate as the core material for packaging, and can package chips with high bonding density. It provides a universal service platform for packaged products called: Scalable Universal Copper-based Packaging (CopperPak) service system. This service system is attributed to copper-based packaging (CopperPak) as a solution for expansion packaging, which can package the chip on the multifunctional component as much as possible. Scalable universal copper-based packaging (CopperPak) service system, including miniature copper-based packaging (TyniCopk) and large-scale copper-based packaging (MassyCopk) modules, used to package discrete circuit components, not only solve the discrete circuit components size, heat transfer and positioning alignment issues, and simplify the packaging process and improve yield rate.

The chemistry of melting oxynitride phosphate glasses

Oxide glasses are the most commonly studied non-crystalline materials in Science and Technology, though compositions where part of the oxygen is replaced by other anions, e.g. fluoride, sulfide or nitride, have given rise to a good number of works and several key applications, from optics to ionic conductors. Oxynitride silicate or phosphate glasses stand out among all others because of their higher chemical and mechanical stability and their research continues particularly focused onto the development of solid electrolytes. In phosphate glasses, the easiest way of introducing nitrogen is by the remelting of the parent glass under a flow of ammonia, a method that allows the homogeneous nitridation of the bulk glass and which is governed by diffusion through the liquid-gas reaction between NH3 and the PO4 chemical groupings. After nitridation, two new structural units appear, the PO3N and PO2N2 ones, where nitrogen atoms can be bonded to either two or three neighboring phosphorus, thus increasing the bonding density of the glass network and resulting in a quantitative improvement of their properties. This short review will gather all important aspects of the synthesis of oxynitride phosphate glasses with emphasis on the influence of chemical composition and structure.

Synthesis of luminescent cocrystals based on fluoranthene and the analysis of weak interactions and photophysical properties

A series of luminescent cocrystals with fluoranthene (C16H10) as the fluorophore and benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile (TCNB, C10H2N4), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-dicarbonitrile (TFP, C8F4N2) and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octafluoronaphthalene (OFN, C10F8) as the coformers was designed and synthesized. Structure analysis revealed that these layered structures were due to charge transfer, π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that fluoranthene–TCNB and fluoranthene–TFP have charge-transfer properties, while fluoranthene–OFN does not, indicating that fluoranthene–OFN has arene–perfluoroarene (AP) interactions, which was also demonstrated by spectroscopic analysis, which shows that the photophysical properties of luminescent materials can be tuned by forming cocrystals. These results all prove that utilizing supramolecular cocrystals to develop new fluorescent materials is an effective strategy, which has much potential in optoelectronic applications.

Carbonyl–carbonyl interactions and amide π-stacking as the directing motifs of the supramolecular assembly of ethylN-(2-acetylphenyl)oxalamate in a synperiplanar conformation

The title compound, C12H13NO4, is one of the few examples that exhibits asynconformation between the amide and ester carbonyl groups of the oxalyl group. This conformation allows the engagement of the amide H atom in an intramolecular three-centred hydrogen-bondingS(6)S(5) motif. The compound is self-assembled by C=O...C=O and amide–π interactions into stacked columns along theb-axis direction. The concurrence of both interactions seems to be responsible for stabilizing the observedsynconformation between the carbonyl groups. The second dimension, along thea-axis direction, is developed by soft C—H...O hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory were performed to support the experimental findings.

Realizing metalloporphyrin functionalization of 4-vinylpyridine copolymer via axial coordination reaction

Cobalt tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrin ( CoTCPP ) and zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin ( ZnTPP ) were linked on the side chains of the copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and styrene (St), P(4VP-co-St), via axial coordination reactions, respectively, and the metalloporphyrin-functionalized macromolecules, CoTCPP -P(4VP-co-St) and ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St), were prepared. Their chemical structures were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The spectral properties of the two macromolecular axial coordination complexes were mainly studied, and their photophysical behavior were discussed in depth. The experimental results show that the metalloporphyrin-functionalized macromolecules, CoTCPP -P(4VP-co-St) and ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St), can be prepared favorably through axial coordination reaction with the side pyridine groups of the copolymer P(4VP-co-St) as ligands. The two complexes have characteristic spectra similar to that of the small molecular metalloporphyrins, CoTCPP and ZnTPP , respectively. At the same time, they also display the characteristic spectroscopic property of axial coordination complexes: the electronic adsorption spectra of CoTCPP -P(4VP-co-St) and ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St) red-shifted obviously as compared to that of CoTCPP and ZnTPP , and the fluorescence emission of ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St) blue-shifted apparently with respect to that of ZnTPP . For CoTCPP -P(4VP-co-St) and ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St), some polymer effects were found: (1) the bonding degree of the small molecular metalloporphyrin, CoTCPP or ZnTPP , on the side chains of the copolymer P(4VP-co-St) has a limit value because of the steric hindrance and there is a bonding degree difference between the actual value and the theoretical value; (2) for ZnTPP -P(4VP-co-St), slight energy transfer between adjacent ZnTPP units on an identical macromolecule occurs, leading to slight static quench of the fluorescence emission as the bonding density of ZnTPP units on the side chains of the copolymer P(4VP-co-St) reaches a certain value.