PRACTICE OF TEMPLE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS’ DISCOURSE OF BADUNG DISTRICT GOVERNMENT, BALI

This paper analyzes the policy of development grants in the cultural and religious sector of the Badung Regency Government in Bali with the realization of assistance targeting community groups in the construction of the physical infrastructure of the temple as a Hindu holy place that has political tendencies and power. This topic is researched because it is one of the public policies that is sentimental and very intimate because it directly touches social life and previous cultural values. The problem examined in this study is how the mechanism, strategy, which is carried out by the agent in exercising power. The power in question is not the power of a person but the power is everywhere and intertwined with knowledge. This research data was obtained based on the results of interviews, observations, and documentation studies which were then analyzed with the theory of power and knowledge by Foucault, and practical theory by Pierre Bourdieu. The analysis in is first indicated a mutually beneficial process between the lead district government, legislative members who became facilitators and the community, the application of religious, customary, and cultural concepts in perpetuating power and pragmatism and lack of education. Keywords: temple development grant, public policy, power relations

“DADI-DADI DOGEN”AS IDEOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LIBRARY IN THE CITY OF SINGARAJA, BULELENG, BALI

The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 Year 2007 concerning Libraries states that schools are required to have school libraries based on the National Standards of Library (SNP). This condition forces every school to develop a library, even though the conditions are still far from the standard set. To realize the existence of library, each school uses various resources in its school to establish a school library. This study aims to explore the efforts of primary schools in Singaraja City to fulfill their obligations in providing library space. This study uses a qualitative approach based on critical social theory commonly used in the Cultural Studies approach. The data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, involved observation and document study. Data analysis in this study follows Peter Berger's model with the following steps: conceptualization, conceptualization results, verification, and objectivation. The results show that the obligation to have a school library at the primary school level is not easy due to various obstacles. This gave rise to the ideology of permissivism or in Balinese it is called dadi dadi dogen. This ideology allows schools to use various types of spaces to become libraries, for example classrooms, teacher rooms, warehouses, UKS, and so on. Keywords: elementary school libraries, dadi dadi dogen, permissivism, ideology

GENEALOGY OF CONSERVATION NGOs ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AMBEL-MA'YA TRIBE CONSERVATION AREA IN RAJA AMPAT

This article aims to reveal the genealogy of the International Conservation NGO towards the establishment of the Ambel-Ma'ya tribal conservation area so that the Ma'yalibit Bay conservation area in Raja Ampat is formed as well as a departure station for the establishment of other conservation areas in Raja Ampat. The research approach uses a Cultural Studies approach with descriptive qualitative research methods and slices of theory used, namely, the genealogy of practice and power from Michel Foucault.The results showed that before international conservation NGOs operated in Raja Ampat, they recruited actors and agents who were recruited from intellectuals of the Ma'ya indigenous peoples' institutions and religious and traditional leaders. Conservation NGOs act as captains as well as organic intellectuals and traditional intellectuals for the Ambel-Ma'ya tribe in the Ma'yalibit Bay of Raja Ampat acting as sea commanders in the boat of conservation ideology. Conservation NGOs are hiding behind the discourse of knowledge about high marine tropical biodiversity and the threat of its degradation as a result of the fishing behavior of fishermen who are not environmentally friendly, becoming the basis for discourse on knowledge, articulation and practice of language texts and capital of power to carry out discursive practices in the formation of conservation areas on tribal waters stage. Abel-Ma'ya. Keywords: Genealogy, NGO, Conservation, Ambel-Ma'ya, Raja Ampat

SOCIAL PHENOMENON OF PRE WEDDING PHOTO TRENDS AT DENPASAR COMMUNITY WEDDING CEREMONY

The social phenomenon of pre-wedding photos has now begun to be widely discussed by some people who are starting to be sensitive to social changes in the area of Denpasar City. Infact, in Denpasar City at this time almost all bride and groom couples carry out pre-wedding photo sessions before their wedding ceremony takes place. The bride and groom couples even really focus their attention on the results of their pre-wedding photos. This eventually became a conversation that raised pros and cons among parents whose children were going to have a wedding ceremony. Some parents feel that pre-wedding photos cost too much money and costs that they should be able to spend to bail out funds when preparing a series of wedding ceremonies. In contrast to people who feel capable in terms of costs, they will certainly take the pre-wedding costs lightly compared to the satisfaction they will get later after seeing the results of the pre-wedding photos they take. The bride and groom did a pre-wedding photo session with the theme and concept they specified. When going to do a pre-wedding photo session, the bride and groom have to prepare a lot of money. Depending on the theme, concept and place they will use later. In Bali, especially in Denpasar City, the cost for the “pawiwahan”or wedding ceremony is quite high, with the addition of a new tradition, namely pre-wedding photos, it will make people spend even more. The meaning of this pre-wedding photo session is still not much can explain, prospective brides who do pre-wedding photo sessions only say they take pre-wedding photos to follow today's trends. The new trend that is entering Bali is slowly making it a mandatory tradition. Keywords: pre wedding photo, wedding ceremony, trends, traditions

CONSUMING CONCERNS: LANGUAGE STYLE OF HUMOUR ON FOUR FEMALE STAND-UP COMEDIANS

Comedy is a male-dominated world as sociolinguistics theory also mentions that women employ less humour compared to men. However, female comedians also appeared on television. In Indonesia, Stand-Up Comedy Indonesia (SUCI) is a popular stand-up comedy competition broadcasted by a reputable national network channel, Kompas TV. Interestingly, numerous young female stand-up comedians also took part as participants of SUCI. This study aimed to analyse humour performed by four female comedian finalists from different cultural backgrounds such as Arab-Indonesian, Chinese-Indonesian, British expatriate, and Indonesian with Batak ethnicity. This study employed a qualitative method by applying various techniques such as video selection, downloading, transcribing relevant data, reducing data, applying theories, and concluding. The data were analysed using the theory of women's language and the theory of types and functions of humour. The study found that women employed humour in stand-up comedy to speak up their minds and share their concerns with the audiences using various language styles, including rhetorical questions, hypercorrect grammars, taboo words, and rising intonations. The humour was employed primarily to share their concerns toward sensitive cultural issues such as stereotypes and identity, sexism, relationship and gender equality, and body positivity. In addition, it contributes to enriching the theory of women's language style and humour. Keywords: humour, stand up comedy competition, women's language style, identity

FEMALE TOURISM WORKERS AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Women are vulnerable to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This happened because the pandemic situation made companies generally cut the number of female workers for the first time for reasons of efficiency. This research reveals female tourism workers and the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is qualitative, with purposive sampling. The results of the study prove that the Covid-19 pandemic is destroying the business world globally, with the impact of 4500 female tourism workers in Nusa Dua (85%), with a loss of 9 trillion rupiah per month. This situation requires workers who are generally the first to be unpaid live. Keywords: women workers, tourism, pandemic, covid-19

UTILIZING POTENTIAL OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THE WELFARE OF FISHERMEN IN THE WEST COAST REGION OF BULELENG REGENCY

This research was conducted in the West coast of Buleleng Regency with the aim of describing the potential of coastal resources for the welfare of fishing communities. The method used in this research is a survey supported by the observation method. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the West coast resources in Buleleng Regency were in the form of biological resources, namely fishery potential and coral reefs. The potential of these coastal resources can be utilized to improve the welfare of the community through fish farming, coral reef conservation, training to improve tourism services, and providing fish auction sites. The role of other stakeholders such as academics, businessmen, Keywords: coastal resource potential, fishermen's welfare, coastal areas

CAUSE FACTORS SYMBOLIC RESISTANCE OF GRAPHIC DESIGNERS IN DENPASAR CITY

The discourse of "free design" that was introduced by printing companies as a form of strategy in dealing with business competition, has caused controversy in the graphic design field. Indirectly, this discourse is considered to be able to influence the mindset of the community and become a negative stigma against the graphic designer profession, and the discourse is considered to be a threat to the continuity of the graphic designer profession.This study aims to answer the factors that cause resistance. The study data were taken from observation, social media, and interviews, and analyzed using Michel Foucault's power relation theory and Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis. Keywords: hidden transcripts, symbolic resistance, graphic designer, free design

THERE IS NO COMPLETE HEGEMONY: SHARIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE IN BALI

In the past decade, the Indonesian government has taken political and economic policy measures to improve the country's image as a Muslim-friendly destination. The leading destinations chosen to be developed with the concept of sharia tourism are one form of these efforts. However, the policy faced negative responses from several regions, especially from tourism stakeholders in Bali. Indeed, the Balinese are not enthusiastic about the possibility of their island being labelled as sharia tourism destination. Even though sharia tourism stakeholders took the initiative to show the potential benefits of sharia tourism economically, the idea was still rejected. Primary data was collected utilizing in - depth interviews with key informants selected purposively, while secondary data was obtained from literature, documents, information from mass media and local television. The data were analyzed with a critical theory approach in the style of cultural studies, using the theory of hegemony, ideology, power/knowledge relations and critical discourse analysis to explain the form of discourse, response forms and implications of the discourse on sharia tourism development in Bali. This paper also presents both empirical and theoretical findings and provides recommendations. This article concludes that Bali can't be transformed into a sharia tourism destination, however, Bali still accommodates the needs of Muslim tourists. Keywords: discourse, sharia tourism, Balinese cultural tourism, hegemony, counter-hegemony

CULTURE AND HISTORY THROUGH WINE IN ITALY AND GREECE

The purpose of this paper is to present the phenomenon of wine-making in Greece and Italy. To highlight the characteristics of wine tourism in those countries either positive or negative. Also the “Road of wine” in both countries is analyzed and the way they manage this event to welcome tourists and locals who want to learn more things about local wine. The first section analyzes the definition of tourism, tourist incentive, forms of alternative tourism and the consequences arising from tourism on the economy and society. The second section analyzes the history of wine in Greece and Italy. Immediately after, the classification of the wine is developed based on the aging time but also based on the color. The concept of wine tourism and its goals are also being developed. The third section mentions the routes of the Peloponnese in general and in particular which wineries and which places / islands take part in the event. Immediately after, the routes of wineries of Achaia are analyzed in the event “Wine Road”. Then it is mentioned how the event “Wine Road” started in Italy and especially in Venice. Keywords: Cultural heritage, Wine history, Italy, Greece, Culture, Wine roads .