The Internal Residual Gas and Effective Release Energy of a Spark-Ignition Engine with Various Inlet Port–Bore Ratios and Full Load Condition

This paper presents the effect of inlet port diameter–bore ratios (IPD/B) on the effective release energy and internal exhaust residual gas of a spark-ignition engine. To investigate the exhaust residual gas in the combustion chamber, a simulation model is setup based on AVL-boost software, and to validate the simulation model an experimental model is also setup. The results of the research show that: the IPD/B ratios have a large effect on the residual gas and effective release energy. When the IPD/B ratio increases from 0.3–0.5, the residual gas increases from 0.11% to 0.14%, and the effective release energy increases from 0.33 KJ to a maximum value of 0.45 KJ, and after that decreases. The engine shows the maximum effective release energy at IPD/B ratio is 0.4. The emission of HC and CO is decreased, but the NOx is increased until a maximum value after that decreased.

An Apparatus Designed for Coating and Coloration of Filaments Used in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing

Background: Three dimensional (3D) printing is emerging technology, capable of manufacturing a solid layer by layer. With the advancements of materials for 3D printing, this technology is applicable in almost every sector. But in accordance with the product requirements we need to modify the mechanical properties of material. To achieve good surface finish we require coating of filament. For this purpose an apparatus is designed for coating of material over a filament, which is capable of coating filaments uniformly and with automated process. Objective: The objective of present invention is directed to a filament feeding device for applying uniform coating on a filament in order to make 3D solid objects with good quality finishing, thereby eliminating the chances of strains and imperfect coating on the filament. Methods: The present invention relates to a filament feeding device, comprising a container equipped within the device for storing a chemical solution in a liquefied form, an inlet port fabricated on the container for inserting a filament inside the container, plurality of relief valves placed at a bottom portion of the container for controlling the leakage of the filaments during insertion of the filaments. A stepper motor in association with a blade equipped within the container to rotate the main extruder of a 3D printer, and an outlet port designed opposite to the inlet port for discharging the filament from the container for 3D printing of the filament in order to manufacture the solid object. Results: The apparatus makes it easy for coating and coloration of materials to make the reinforced composite filaments. As this apparatus provides uniform coating of material on the filaments, the product printed by filaments have good surface finish. Conclusion: The proposed method can reduce coating time and printing time. This work provides meaningful implication to researchers who are doing research in the domain of additive manufacturing.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR AIR HEATER USING OF VARIOUS INLET TEMPERATURES

In this paper, we are make the experimental setup and assembled the various components such as, flats plate glass, wood, collector, inlet port and outlet port. The collector are generated the hot air with the help solar radiation. The collector are aching the air from inlet port and finally hot air are out through outlet port. We are measured the maximum outlet hot air Temperature in °C.

The Effect of the Helical Inlet Port Design and the Shrouded Inlet Valve Condition on Swirl Generation in Diesel Engine

Inlet port design has a great influence on swirl generation inside the engine cylinder. In this paper, two helical inlet ports having the same helix design were suggested. The first has an upper entrance, and the second has a side entrance. With the two ports, shrouded inlet valves having different conditions of shroud and orientation angles were used. Four shroud angles were used; they are 90 deg, 120 deg, 150 deg, and 180 deg. Also, four orientation angles were used; they are 0 deg, 30 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg. Three-dimensional simulation model using the shear stress transport k–ω model was used for predicting the air flow characteristics through the inlet port and the engine cylinder in both intake and compression strokes. The results showed that the side entrance port produces swirl ratio higher than that of the upper entrance port by about 3.5%, while the volumetric efficiency is approximately the same for both ports. For both the ports, increasing the valve shroud angle increases the swirl ratio and reduces the volumetric efficiency. The maximum increments of swirl ratio relative to the ordinary valve case occur at valve conditions of 30–150 deg, 0–180 deg, and 30–180 deg. At these valve conditions, the swirl ratio values are 6.38, 6.72, and 6.95 at intake valve close (IVC) with percentage increments of 69.2%, 78.2%, and 84.4%, respectively. The corresponding values of the volumetric efficiency are 93.6, 92.5, and 91.2, respectively, with percentage decrements of 2.84%, 4%, and 5.7%, respectively.