LOOP ANTENNA WITH A SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT

Представлены результаты исследований рамочной антенны, в которой подстроечным элементом является фоторезистор, управляемый лазерным излучением. Показано, что использование фоторезистора как элемента внешнего контура рамочной антенны, включенного последовательно, позволяет изменять согласование рамочной антенны с помощью внешнего лазерного источника. Представлены результаты исследований характеристик коэффициента передачи рамочных антенн, состоящих из медной фольги на диэлектрической основе и полупроводникового элемента. Установлено, что при изменении интенсивности лазерного излучения, падающего на полупроводниковый элемент-фоторезистор, изменяется коэффициент отражения рамочной антенны. В диапазоне от 10 МГц до 18ГГц получены зависимости коэффициентов отражения (Su)рамочных антенн с полупроводниковым элементом. Проведено сравнение рамочной антенны и рамочной антенны с фоторезистором. The results of an experiment with a loop antenna, in which the building element is a photoresistor controlled by laser radiation, are presented. It is shown that the use of a photoresistor as an element of the external contour of a loop antenna connected in series makes it possible to change the matching of the loop antenna due to an external laser source. The results of studies of the characteristics of the transmission coefficient of loop antennas consisting of a dielectric copper foil and a semiconductor element are presented. It was found that when the intensity of the laser radiation incident on the semiconductor element-photoresistor changes, the reflection coefficient of the frame antenna changes. In the range of 10 MHz-18 GHz, the dependences of the reflection coefficients (S11) of loop antennas with a semiconductor element are obtained. A comparison is made between a loop antenna and a loop antenna with a photoresistor.

ARAMID ORGANOPLASTICS FOR INCREASING THE BIRD RESISTANCE OF ELEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

The possibility of using protective screens made of aramid organoplastics to ensure the bird resistance of carbon fiber wing flaps is investigated. Aramid organoplastics were selected for the production of a protective screen, taking into account the main requirements for the materials of external contour of the aircraft wing. The result of impact tests simulating the collision of a bird with carbon fiber flaps that are not protected and protected by organoplastics are presented. The optimal ratio of aramid organoplastics as part of the protective screen for carbon fiber wing flaps is presented.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE CREATION OF A «FRAME» GEOTECHNOLO-GY FOR UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSURFACE RESOURCES

A physical model of the process of underground ore mining is substantiated and it is shown that ensuring the geomechanical safety of subsurface development is associated with the technological capabilities of nature-like mining technologies for the reproduction of stable dy-namic structures in the lithospheric objects being worked out. A cognitive analysis of typical geotechnologies is carried out and it is shown that the modern geo-technological paradigm is based on the principles of combining in time the processes that generate a geomechanical dis-turbance in the lithosphere and the processes to overcome the consequences of this disturb-ance. The internally insoluble contradiction of this approach is revealed and it is shown that overcoming this contradiction opens up a very real prospect of creating a fundamentally new concept for the development of underground mining technologies based on the implementation of the global idea of nature-like technologies in the form of the concept of creating convergent mining technologies. With the use of the proposed and developed by prof. The Rodionov model of the lithosphere as a solid body with different-scale inhomogeneities performed a theoretical study of the features of the stress field development during the formation of inhomogeneities with variable volume and zero density and found that in this case, the conditions for the repro-duction of stable dynamic structures will be determined by processes on the external contour of inhomogeneities. This made it possible to substantiate the geophysical and geotechnological ideas of a new technological paradigm of subsurface exploration.

Methodological diversity in Russian sociology: An analysis of research on values

Methodological diversity is a condition for the development of sociology since the complexity of social reality does not allow adhering to one universal scientific paradigm. At the same time, the nature of methodological diversity in research is an indicator of the alignment of forces of agents in the field of science. Hence the research question arises — how is the influence of the external contour of science (business, public organizations, media, politicians, etc.) manifested in the methodology used by the authors of highly cited articles on values? The work is of qualitative design and the empirical base was formed by the texts of 42 of the most cited Russian articles on the issues of values posted on the RSCI platform in 2016–2019 and indexed by international scientometric databases (Scopus, Wos CC). The choice of articles on the study of values as an empirical object for assessing the nature of methodological diversity in sociology is explained by the complexity and multilevel nature of this phenomenon, and the existence of various approaches to its study, which provides ample opportunities for various methods and techniques. The research optics was the structuralist concept of the inner and outer contours of science. Analysis of the texts of articles showed that the quantitative methodology dominates (29 out of 42). In these studies, the signs of the pressure of the outer contour of science are most pronounced. The least pressure is experienced by authors of works in qualitative design, but there are very few studies in the sample of highly cited articles (2 out of 42), and the topic of values in them is optional. Promising areas for the continuation of the research are related to the analysis of the phenomenon of imitation in the process of producing scientific knowledge and its impact on methodological diversity.

The Taxonomic Signal of the Internal Mosquito Wing Cells.

BackgroundPrevious publications revealed a clear taxonomic signal embedded in the external contour of the wings. Our study explored this signal also for internal cells of the wings, with the following question: do internal cells uniformly provide the same taxonomic information? MethodsOur study focused on four species, three of them of medical importance: Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. scutellaris and Ve. dux, each of them represented by 30 female wings. Each cell was characterized for size and shape after an elliptic Fourier analysis. For each cell to be tentatively assigned to its respective species, i.e., to measure its amount of taxonomic information, we used the shape of the contour, not its size. ResultsWe showed that the taxonomic signal of shape was not uniformly spread among internal cells of the wing, ranging on average from 80% to 94%. Four internal cells out of six performed better than the external contour of the wing. The amount of taxonomic information of internal cells could not be related to their size nor to their shape complexity, but clearly depended on which species were compared. The closest species of our sample, Ae. albopictus and Ae. scutellaris, two species frequently found in the same water collections in Thailand, were almost perfectly separated (97%) by a single cell. ConclusionIt has already been said that the wing can be used for mosquito identification even if the whole body is not available, we showed that even partly damaged wings could contain extractable and more accurate taxonomic information.

On Construction of the External Frankl Nozzle Contour Using Quadratic Curvature

The aim of the article is to develop a method, an algorithm, and appropriate software for constructing the external contour of the Frankl nozzle in the supersonic part using S-shape curves. The method is based on the problem of constructing a curve with the natural parameterization. The curve passes through two given points with the given inclination angles of the tangents and provides the given inclination angle of the tangent at the point with the given abscissa [4]. To control the inflection point of the S-shaped curve, the inclination angle of the tangent at a point with the known abscissa is used. In the case, when the curvature is given by a quadratic function, the system of five nonlinear equations is formulated, among which three equations are integral. The system has five unknown variables – three coefficients of the quadratic function, the total length of the curve and the length of the curve to the point with a known abscissa. The lemma on the relation between solutions of the original and the scalable systems, in which the coordinates of the points are multiplied by the same value, is proved. Due to this lemma, it becomes possible, using the obtained solution of the well-scalable system, to find easily the corresponding solution of a bad-scalable (singular) system. To find a solution to the system, we suggest to use the modification of the r-algorithm [5] solving special problem on minimization of the nonsmooth function (the sum of the modules of the residuals of the system), under controlling of the constraints on unknown lengths, in order to guarantee their feasible values. The algorithm is implemented using the multistart method and the ralgb5a octave function [6]. It finds the best local minimum of nonsmooth function by starting the modification of the r-algorithm from a given number of starting points. The algorithm uses an analytical computation of generalized gradients of the objective function and the trapezoid rule to calculate the integrals. The computational experiment was carried out to design the fragment of supersonic part in the external contour of a Frankl-type nozzle. The efficiency of the algorithm, developed for constructing S-shape curves, is shown.

An Adaptive Model of E-Commerce Development

The article is aimed at building up a model of e-commerce development adapted to the realities of our time and peculiarities of the development of infocommunications of the country. The current status of development of infocommunications is analyzed together with related activities of the enterprises, which are using the digital platforms for conduct of business. It is determined that the development of e-commerce is slowed by the inequality of access to modern information and communication technologies and low activity of certain economic actors regarding trade operations through the Internet. An adaptive model of e-commerce development is proposed, which is based on the consideration of the conditions of the external contour of development of enterprise along with the internal contour in the aspect of the existing resource base and potential development opportunities. The model requires an information base of e-commerce development processes, contains methodical principles for analyzing the internal and external contours of e-commerce development, as well as methods of forecasting changes in the external contour and determining the internal potential. The necessary element of the model is determination of the criteria for the possibility of e-commerce development in existing conditions combined with formation of a list of invariant models for different platforms, which would be the most acceptable in the conditions of external contour. The need to take into account existing cyber risks and apply measures to minimize them in the process of e-commerce development is substantiated. It is defined that the development of e-commerce leads to an effect on micro-, meso- and macro-levels, which in the end can lead to emergence of a synergistic effect. The feedback function contained in the model allows to link the stage of determining the results to the formation of invariant models of development, which should be activated in the absence of desirable results according to the selected model of e-commerce development. Further research will be directed to substantiate the criteria that determine the possibility of e-commerce development under the conditions of both internal and external contours.

“External Contour” of Eurasian Integration

The Eurasian Economic Union is interested in development of cooperation with external actors. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is considered as a prospect partner. ASEAN states play a significant role in economy and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. The ASEAN is seen as one of the key institutions in Asia-Pacific integration. Moscow keeps stable and friendly relations with many states of Southeast Asia and the ASEAN. It lays a solid foundation for development of a dialogue in Eurasian format. The EAEU signed with Vietnam a free trade agreement in 2015 and it is negotiating on similar treaties with some other states of the ASEAN. The Association expressed readiness to consider the issue of a comprehensive free trade zone between the EAEU and the ASEAN. In November 2018 the Eurasian Economic Commission and the ASEAN Secretariat adopted a memorandum of understanding. The dialogue in Eurasian format can accelerate cooperation between states of the EAEU and Southeast Asia and create more benevolent conditions for alignment of the EAEU and the ASEAN.