Autorytarne sterowanie szkołą wyższą jako determinanta zarządzania i finansowania szkolnictwa wyższego w PRL

The article concerns a system of reforms of higher education in Poland in a time of Polish People’s Republic, in 1945–1989, which is adequate to top-down imposed and strictly respected Soviet patterns that were in force in all spheres of political, economic, and cultural life. The authors analyse a system of managing and financing of universities on the basis of legal regulations that indicated a direction, character, and a scope of activities set for universities by communist authorities in order to “build a socialist state and educate new intelligentsia”. The article also considers the issue of central control of university’s activities system separation of education from research bureaucratization and parametrization of all levels of education, top-down employment levels and structuring, closure to international exchange and inefficient financing, and asset management, which in consequence led universities to collapse at the end of 1980s.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ARTEANNUIN B – A SESQUITERPENE LACTONE FROM ARTEMISIA ANNUA

The HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) method for the determination of arteannuin B in the herb Artemisia annua has been developed. The method is suitable for its validation characteristics, such as specificity parameters (convergence of the retention times of artianuin B in the standard and sample), suitability of the chromatographic system (separation efficiency), linearity (R2 = 0.99929 at y = 9.38x + 245.98), range of application (from 50 to 150%), accuracy in terms of repeatability (RSD = 3.45%) and correctness (Z = 100.36 ± 0.56%), determined experimentally, are within the recommended values. As a marker compound, it was proposed to use a standard sample of arteannuin B. For this, a standard sample of arteannuin B was obtained with a purity of at least 99%, which is confirmed IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectral data. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters were determined. It has been established that the presence of impurities in an amount of not more than 1% is allowed in a standard sample of arteannuin B. It was established that the content of arteannuin B in the raw material should be at least 0.2%. The development and validation HPLC-UV method for the determination of arteannuin B have to used to standardization the herb of Artemisia annua.

THE IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF STORING AND REPORTING OF NARCOTICS AND PSYCHOTROPICS AT PHARMACIES IN DENPASAR CITY, BALI PROVINCE

Introduction: Storage and reports of narcotics and psychotropics in pharmacy must be carried out according to standard operating procedures which are based on legislation on maintaining safety, efficacy, and quality of the drugs. Objective: This study aimed to observe the implementation process of narcotics and psychotropic storing and reporting in accordance to the law in force in several pharmacies in Denpasar City. Methods: Five biggest pharmacies located in Denpasar City were picked by a purposive sampling method. This study used a descriptive observational method to provide a brief overview of the term and condition of narcotics and psychotropic storing and reporting that implemented in real-time in the pharmacies. Results: Overall, the study revealed that the majority of pharmacies were successfully in term of fulfilling the various aspects of narcotics and psychotropic storing and reporting, including the storage of drugs at the special cabinets, in special the implementation process of narcotics and psychotropic that cited in the Regulation of The Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 73 of conditions according to safety and stability, FEFO and FIFO systems, manual and electronic stock cards system, separation of damaged and/or expired drug, inventory stock, and compliance and completeness of reporting using SIPNAP. Conclusion: Responsible pharmacist must always evaluate the storage and reporting of narcotics and psychotropic in the pharmacy to guarantee quality and maintain suitability of the pharmaceutical services process according to established standards. Keywords: forensic pharmacy, storing and reporting, narcotics and psychotropic, legislation

Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System

The occurrence of system separations in the power system of Continental Europe has been observed in recent decades as a critical event which might cause power imbalances higher than the reference incident specified per system design, representing an actual challenge for the stability and safe operation of the system. This work presents an analysis and simulations of the primary frequency control in the Continental Europe synchronous area in conditions of system separation. The adopted approach is based on fundamental aspects of the frequency-containment reserve process. The analysis takes an actual event into consideration, which determined the separation of the system in January 2021. The main purpose of the work is the development of specific models and simulations able to reproduce the actual split event. Due to specific arrangements discussed in detail, it is possible to obtain a substantial match between the simulations and the frequencies registered after the system split. The work also provides insight into the importance of the temporal sequence of power imbalances and defensive actions in the primary frequency control process. The models developed in the work are finally used to investigate the separation event under different operating conditions, such as missing defensive actions and low inertia scenarios.

Improvement of Velocity Change Based on Increase in Fire Water Demand Capacity

Recently, sprinkler systems have been designed based on hydraulic calculations to determine the diameter of the water supply pipe. However, the hydraulic calculation currently applied in the underground parking lot area of apartments is generally applied for economic benefits obtained by reducing the pipe size specified in the National Fire Safety Codes Installation Standard. However, the Standard overlooks the nature of hydraulic calculation. Therefore, this study examines and analyzes the flow rate, pressure, and flow rate relationship obtained by supplying a capacity higher than the water supply-demand capacity required for the hydraulic calculation as the water supply capacity of the fire pump. Accordingly, through suggesting an improvement in pressure-reducing valve installation, the firefighting system separation, pipe-diameter change application, the engineer's skill, water supply capacity, and water demand capacity could be matched to uniformly supply the minimum pressure and flow rate for each sprinkler head. It is expected that it can be improved in a direction that satisfies the hydraulic calculation standards.

Determination of Loratadine and Its Active Metabolite in Plasma by LC/MS/MS: An Adapted Method for Children

Introduction: Loratadine (LOR) (Fig. 1), an active H1 receptor antagonist, is often used in the treatment of allergic disorders such as seasonal allergies and skin rash [1]. LOR was clinically approved for symptomatic relief of nasal and non-nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children ≥2years. Materials and Methods: An adapted method of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated to measure the concentrations of loratadine (LOR) and its active metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL) from pediatric plasma. After being mixed with the internal standard (IS, propranolol) and precipitated with methanol, samples were centrifuged and 20 μL of the supernatants were injected into the HPLC system. Separation was carried out on a reversed-phase C18 gradient column using a mobile phase consisting of water (containing 0.1 % formic acid) and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and the running time was 5.0 min for each sample. Results and Conclusion: Quantitation of LOR, DCL and IS was performed using MRM mode and the transitions were: 383.1 → 337.1 for LOR, 311.1 → 259.0 for DCL and 260.2 → 116.0 for propranolol, respectively. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines, precisions and accuracies met the requirements in all cases. Calibration curves were 0.2–50.0 ng/mL for both LOR and DCL. This method was then applied for a pilot study examining the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of LOR in children.

Differentiating the Level of Territorial Development of the Transport and Logistics Infrastructure in Ukraine by Adapting the Cluster Analysis Methodology

Recently, much attention has been paid to the ideas and theories that highlight the cluster approach to the territorial organization of the economic system. Separation and development of transport and logistics cluster contributes to the development of competitive advantages, provides the leading position of the country in the world market and enhances the investment attractiveness of the region in which it operates. The use of a multidimensional statistical method of cluster analysis to determine the homogeneity between the individual regions of Ukraine contributes to the identification of transport and logistics cluster. For this reason, the article analyzes the role of cluster analysis in the study of the development of transport and logistics services, shows that the transport and logistics cluster is formed on the basis of the real socio-economic situation in the conditions of a particular territory, taking into account its potential development. It is substantiated that the transport and logistics cluster, in addition to meeting the needs of the economy, performs a number of important functions: it creates opportunities for the development of sectors of the national economy; contributes to the development of the region's infrastructure; increases the investment attractiveness of the region. The conducted research of existing methods of cluster analysis of grouping of regions of Ukraine by the level and potential of development of the market of transport and logistic services has allowed to allocate the considered ways of estimation of efficiency of functioning of the cluster which differ in external and internal effects. A cluster analysis of the territorial level and potential of logistics development in the regions of Ukraine is carried out on the basis of three groups of indicators (socio-economic, transport performance indicators of the region and indicators characterizing the composition of the transport system of the region and its potential opportunities). As a result of the cluster analysis, the regions of Ukraine were grouped into three clusters by the level of logistics development, and into two clusters by the logistics development potential. It is determined that the classification of regions into homogeneous groups will allow to build in each cluster typologically regressive equations of interaction of market factors, which will increase the accuracy of the study of the dynamics of the development of the market environment of regions of potential placement of elements of transport and logistics infrastructure.