Developing a Typology of Regions Based on Their Predisposition to Scientific and Technological Development

Aim. The presented study aims to describe the proposed typology of regions based on their predisposition to scientific and technological development in the context of hereditary industrial, social, and institutional determinants of economic territorial development. Tasks. The authors develop a methodological approach to forming a basic criterion for the classification of regions; develop a methodology for the classification of regions based on their predisposition to scientific and technological development with allowance for the economic impact of their hereditary core; test the authors’ developments on the regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. This study uses tools for modeling the hereditary socio-economic core of regions based on the calculation of Frobenius norms to identify the prevailing dynamic trends in territorial development, and a matrix method for developing a regional typology. The methodology applied by the authors focuses on identifying territories that are more susceptible to technological transformations, including those that ensure the significant impact of these transformations on the national economy. Results. The study tests the authors’ developments on Russian regions and provides two typologies. The first typology groups regions according to criteria such as stable positive predisposition, permissible positive predisposition, negative predisposition, and stable negative predisposition to scientific and technological development. The second typology identifies regions with hereditary capital, regions with useful heredity, regions with defective useful heredity, regions with the effect of a large hereditary base, regions with defective heredity, and regions with significant defective heredity. The developed typologies make it possible to identify regions that serve as the opposite poles of scientific and technological transformations as well as high-risk regions with unjustified investment in innovative economic activities. Conclusions. Industrially developed regions are more predisposed to scientifific and technological development, and expansion of innovations will be implemented faster in these regions compared with others. The Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions have an elastic industrial heritage, which is manifested in the successful implementation of a wide range of innovative tasks. Comparative analysis also shows that the Ural Federal District has the most favorable industrial, social, and institutional hereditary determinants responsible for the susceptibility of the territory to technological transformations compared with other regions, which makes it a potential center for the scientific and technological development of the national economy.

Smart specialization for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article deals with the development of small and medium-sized businesses, taking into account the concept of smart specialization. The article presents a combination of data from the “quad spiral”, aimed at the formation and intensification of network interactions of business-state-science-civil society components for the creation of evolutionary, “smart”, sustainable entrepreneurship, growth of the economy of regions and the country as a whole. The analysis and classification of regions by the level of production of the gross regional product is carried out, the set of specialization is defined. The monitoring of targets for achieving key indicators of innovative development of the country was carried out. The sequence of work with smart specialization is presented. Conclusions are drawn on the further development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Distribution And Typological Classification Of Incidence/Mortality Rates And Dynamics Of Tuberculosis In Russia, 2006–2017

Despite the achieved success in the fight against tuberculosis, the disease remains an immediate problem for a number of countries including Russia. To a large extent, the reasons for the high incidence and mortality of the population are not only medical but also social in nature, which leads to the emergence of geographical patterns in the spread of the disease. The purpose of the study is to identify the spatio-temporal conditions that shape the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia at both the national and regional levels. Using GIS technologies, an analysis of the current spread of the infection in the Russian Federation was carried out based on data for the period from 2006 through 2017. Typological classification of regions according to the dynamics and magnitude of the incidence rate has been developed. Based on the cartographic analysis that was carried out, regions with the most unfavorable tuberculosis situation in the Russian Federation were identified for a more detailed study at the municipal level.

Evaluation of regional competitiveness in economic conditions of Kazakhstan

Main problem: Issues of evaluating regional competitiveness, search for competitive territories’ advantages, especially by improving human resources’ quality, remain insufficiently studied. In this regard, in article it is presented existing models for evaluating regional competitiveness in Kazakhstan economy. In addition, in article authors carried out regional classification according to analysis of main socio-economic indicators of Kazakhstan regions, originating in Concept of regional policy. Authors calculated main indicators of Kazakhstan regions’ competitiveness with aim of determining level of region’s competitiveness in comparative perspective. Purpose: Purpose of the research is comparative analysis and evaluation of the competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions in modern conditions. Methods: The article uses rating model for evaluating competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions based on indices, developed by Agency for research on investment profitability, operating at National chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan (rating of competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions). Results and their value: Value of the paper considered in that classification of regions is carried out according to analysis of main socio-economic indicators of Kazakhstan regions, which originates in Concept of regional policy. The authors also calculated main indicators of competitiveness index of Kazakhstan regions according to National chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan in order to determine the specifics of regions and identify directions for developing regional strategies. Based on results of the study, analysis was carried out that allowed to reveal strengths and weaknesses of regions of Kazakhstan. It is emphasized that a high level of regional competitiveness cannot be achieved without development of human resources and their rational use. In general, directions of regional policy are determined by chosen development scenario. The approach proposed by authors to methodology for evaluating regional competitiveness has a number of advantages - it reflects the specifics of regions, allows seeing the nearest competitors and determining directions of the region’s development strategy.

Automated segmentation of key structures of the eye using a light-weight two-step classifier

We present an automated approach to segment key structures of the eye, viz., the iris, pupil and sclera in images obtained using an Augmented Reality (AR)/ Virtual Reality (VR) application. This is done using a two-step classifier: In the first step, we use an auto encoder-decoder network to obtain a pixel-wise classification of regions that comprise the iris, sclera and the background (image pixels that are outside the region of the eye). In the second step, we perform a pixel-wise classification of the iris region to delineate the pupil. The images in the study are from the OpenEDS challenge and were used to evaluate both the accuracy and computational cost of the proposed segmentation method. Our approach achieved a score of 0.93 on the leaderboard, outperforming the baseline model by achieving a higher accuracy and using a smaller number of parameters. These results demonstrate the great promise pipelined models hold along with the benefit of using domain-specific processing and feature engineering in conjunction with deep-learning based approaches for segmentation tasks. Keywords

KLASIFIKASI DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROPINSI MALUKU BERDASARKAN TIPOLOGI KLASSEN

This study aims to determine the classification of regions (districts / cities) in Maluku Province based on the Klassen typology. This research was conducted in Maluku Province with the consideration that Maluku is one of the provinces with a GDP level, PDR growth rate, and a relatively small GDP per capita compared to the Provinces in Indonesia, but with the potential it has a possibility to increase economic growth. This study uses secondary data in the form of data on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on the basis of constant prices, both growth rates, contributions and GDP per capita. The data collection method used, namely the documentation method, then carried out the analysis using the Klassen Typology analysis tool, Based on the results of the study there were 2 Cities and 1 District classified as fast-developing and fast-growing regions, fast developing regions consisting of two Regencies, Districts / Cities classified in the classification of advanced but depressed areas / potential to be left behind consists of 3 Three Districts. Regency / City Region classified as relatively underdeveloped region consists of 3 Districts

THE FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS

The article discusses the problem of enhancing innovation in the regions. The classification of regions according to the degree of innovation activity is given. The role of small innovative companies is defined. The article provides an overview of the possibilities for the development of innovative activity in the regions, measures taken by the state to develop innovations and identifies possible ways to improve support.

Investment Attractiveness of Regions: Classification Analysis for the Volga Federal District

Based on 15 indicators of socio-economic situation, an integral indicator of the assessment of investment attractiveness was formed and ranking the subjects of the Russian Federation, which are part of the Volga Federal District. As a result of hierarchical cluster analysis, the Volga Regions are distributed in five clusters, taking into account the standard of living of the population, financial opportunities and industrial production dynamics in 2018. From the point of view of authors, the obtained classification of regions can be used in making decisions on the implementation of investment projects in the Volga Federal District

The transformation of the engineering and planning organization of the territory of the Luhansk region in the conditions of the functions changing of the regional typology

The conditions of the origin, development and transformation of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine are considered. There is an irreversible tendency to reduce the industrial potential of the coal and metallurgical industry, the collapse of the urban base. The nature and scale of the impact of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine on the state of engineering and planning organization in the territory of Luhansk region is studied. Trends of development, circumstances and preconditions of formation of agglomerations of the region are determined. The correspondence of regional typologies on the basis of function in modern conditions of armed conflict is analyzed. The analysis allows us to identify the following important aspects. A gradual but irreversible process of deindustrialization is recorded. The transformation of the engineering and planning organization of the territory of the Luhansk region in the conditions of the armed conflict in the East of Ukraine is a fait accompli. A new political and economic reality is being formed. The Luhansk and Donetsk regions are artificially divided. The internal status of the region has led to the formation of a large number of urban agglomerations, a dense transport network. The analysis of a demographic condition, a territorial, town-planning complex testifies to discrepancy of typological signs of the area in the modern conditions. The Luhansk region is becoming a cross-border region with a dense border. It is expedient to expand the existing classification of regions by introducing certain special functions of the regional typology. In modern conditions in the Luhansk and Donetsk regions the border region is formed. Along this line, the function of cross-border cooperation is complemented by the function of border control. This function aims to limit a certain type – the fixation of the border, the mode of its crossing, strict compliance with statutory procedures. The addition of the functions of the regional typology should be taken into account in the tasks of improving the territorial – planning organization of Luhansk region.