Analisis Daya Saing Komparatif dan Kompetitif Ekspor Komoditas Batu Bara Tiga Negara Berkembang (Indonesia, Afrika Selatan dan Kolombia)

Coal is a fuel made from fossils, which hold an essential part of the energy for power plants and serves as a staple fuel for steel and cement production. Indonesia, South Africa, and Colombia are developing countries that took part in the largest coal exporters in the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the three developing countries in coal exporting competitiveness, Indonesia, South Africa, and Colombia, in terms of comparative advantage or competitive advantage and times of the trade specialization index, as well as compare the exports and imports of coal from the three countries and export developments. This study will be using secondary data within a period of fifteen years (2004 – 2018). The data analysis methods used in this study are based on the Balassa Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Trade Specialization Index (TSI). The research from RCA showed that Indonesia doesn’t have a comparative advantage in contrast to South Africa, but Indonesia has a comparative advantage collated with Colombia. Based on the study held by TSI, the three developing countries are presumed to have strong competitiveness and tend to succeed in becoming coal exporting countries.

Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Minyak Atsiri Nilam (Patchouli Essential Oil) Indonesia di Pasar Internasional dengan Negara Brazil, Amerika Serikat, Meksiko, dan Perancis Periode 2001-2018

Until now, the domestic patchouli essential oil industry in Indonesia is still limited to exporting unprocessed products as finished products. In addition, farmers and cooperatives understanding is still low in implementing a good plantation manufacturing process. One indicator that can be seen is the number of imports of patchouli essential oil derivative products such as semi-finished ingredients from perfume and food flavors by Indonesia in the period of October-December 2008 amounting to US$ 401 million while exports were only US$ 103 million or a deficit of three to four times of exports. The purpose of this research is to analyze the comparative competitiveness, competitive competitiveness, and specialization of Indonesian patchouli essential oil trade in the international market. Countries that are used as comparison for Indonesia (rank 7) based on the average volume of exports are Brazil (rank 1), the United States (rank 2), Mexico (rank 8) and France (rank 9). This study uses the Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RCTA) analysis tool to analyze comparative competitiveness, the Export Competitiveness Index (XCI) to analyze competitive competitiveness, and the Trade Specialization Index (ISP) to analyze its trade specialties. The factors that significantly influence the competitiveness and trade specialization are the export and import value of patchouli essential oil and other goods from Indonesia and competing countries, the total export and import value of patchouli essential oil. Based on the results of the RCTA, XCI, and ISP analysis, the values obtained by Indonesia were 2.013, 1.012, and 0.412, respectively. Keywords: patchouli, essential oil, competitiveness, trade specialties

Prospect and potentiality of finger millet in Nepal: Nutritional security and trade perspective

Millet is an important food crop for ensuring food and nutrition security of smallholder farmers and marginalized communities in the hill and mountain of Nepal. The main objectives of the study were to assess prospects and potentiality of millet by analysing the area, production, productivity, and trade for the year 2009-2019. The study used a combination of exploratory survey and secondary data for assessing the production system, compound growth rate, coefficient of variation (CV), instability index (IIN), and trade specialization index. The results of the study are compiled and the synthesis of the analysis is presented in both tabular and graphic forms. Growth rate analysis showed that the area of millet is declining but the import value, production, and yield were increasing at the rate of 14.62, 0.47, and 0.73 percent per annum respectively. Import and export values and quantity showed higher CV as well as IIN while area, production, and yield showed lower values. The trade specialization index was found as -0.992, which indicates that millet is in the introduction phase. Out of the total millets area, 78% of the area lies in the hill, 19% in the mountain, and only 3% in the terai. The highest area and production can be observed in Bagmati province while the least was observed in province no two. The study implies that there is a need to increase production and productivity to reduce increasing imports and make the country self-reliant in millet production with increased investment in research and development and adequate support from national policies and programs.

Analisis Daya Saing Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Based on coffee export data 2008-2017, the index value of Indonesia's coffee trade specialization is positive (0-1). The average value of ISPs of Indonesian coffee for 10 years is 0.91, meaning that Indonesia tends to be a coffee exporter country. Indonesian coffee has competitiveness in the international market with an acceleration ratio value between 10.66 in 2012 to 53.76 in 2008. The always positive acceleration ratio (AR) value shows that Indonesian coffee is able to win the world coffee market. Indonesian coffee also has a comparative advantage with the value of Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) which is always positive. The highest RCA value of Indonesian coffee occurred in 2008 at 5.26 and the lowest RCA value in 2011 was 2.60, while the average RCA value of Indonesia was 3.93.