Problems in accuracy technological support of product mass

Mathematical dependences for the rated definition of the mass error of parts and a product as a whole in correlation with tolerances for dimensions of blanks and machinery and also with parameters of roughness and waviness of their surfaces are offered. The algorithms for technological support of the accuracy required for a mass of parts and a product as a whole are developed.

The Method of Mass Estimation Considering System Error in Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics

Vehicle mass is a critical parameter for economic cruise control. With the development of active control, vehicle mass estimation in real-time situations is becoming notably important. Normal state estimators regard system error as white noise, but many sources of error, such as the accuracy of measured parameters, environment and vehicle motion state, cause system error to become colored noise. This paper presents a mass estimation method that considers system error as colored noise. The system error is considered an unknown parameter that must be estimated. The recursive least squares algorithm with two unknown parameters is used to estimate both vehicle mass and system error. The system error of longitudinal dynamics is analyzed in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The road tests indicate that the percentage of mass error is 16%, and, if the system error is considered, the percentage of mass error is 7.2%. The precision of mass estimation improves by 8.8%. The accuracy and stability of mass estimation obviously improves with the consideration of system error. The proposed model can offer online mass estimation for intelligent vehicle, especially for heavy-duty vehicle (HDV).

A Correction for the Thermal Mass–Induced Errors of CTD Tags Mounted on Marine Mammals

The effect of thermal mass on the salinity estimate from conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) tags sensor mounted on marine mammals is documented, and a correction scheme is proposed to mitigate its impact. The algorithm developed here allows for a direct correction of the salinity data, rather than a correction of the sample’s conductivity and temperature. The amplitude of the thermal mass–induced error on salinity and its correction are evaluated via comparison between data from CTD tags and from Sea-Bird Scientific CTD used as a reference. Thermal mass error on salinity appears to be generally O(10−2) g kg−1, it may reach O(10−1) g kg−1, and it tends to increase together with the magnitude of the cumulated temperature gradient (THP) within the water column. The correction we propose yields an error decrease of up to ~60% if correction coefficients specific to a certain tag or environment are calculated, and up to 50% if a default value for the coefficients is provided. The correction with the default coefficients was also evaluated using over 22 000 in situ dive data from five tags deployed in the Southern Ocean and is found to yield significant and systematic improvements on the salinity data, including for profiles whose THP was weak and the error small. The correction proposed here yields substantial improvements in the density estimates, although a thermal mass–induced error in temperature measurements exists for very large THP and has yet to be corrected.

Mathematical Model for the Effect of Dynamic Parameter Posed on Free Floating Space Manipulator’s Kinematic Accuracy

Aiming at kinematic accuracy and its’ error sources of a free floating space robot, a mathematical kinematic error model based on the concept of virtual manipulator and screw theory is proposed in this paper for a free-floating space robot. Based on screw theory, structural parameters in the form of motion screw and their error expressions derived from various error sources are deduced. The effect of mass error, CM (Center of Mass) error and structural parameter error on the kinematic accuracy of the free-floating space manipulator is analyzed. A simulation is demonstrated for verifying the correctness of the kinematic error model and the effect of various error sources on the free-floating space robot. The error model and the result deriving from analyzing are vital for studying the kinematic accuracy of the space manipulator when it is under a free-floating mode, and for controlling and assigning various errors when a space robot is developed.