A New Interpretation of Contributions Presented at the Solvay Conference 1911. Can We Falsify the “Geocentric” Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Solar System?

We have studied the contributions and presentations published in the Proceedings of the Solvay Conference 1911. Based on the lecture of Ernest Solvay on the “gravito-matérialitique” we can distinguish two features of the Earth´s gravitational field – 1. “gravité réelle” described by the Newton´s gravitational law and 2. “gravité potentielle” acting as an agent of the self-organization on quantum particles and creating structures described by the Planck constant hEARTH. From the discussions followed after the presentations of Walther Nernst and Albert Einstein we interpreted the Nernst- Lindemann Formula for the specific heat of solids using the comment of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (the discoverer of the superconductivity) as two transverse and one longitudinal oscillations of phonon in the surroundings at temperature T. In order to falsify this “geocentric” model of foundations of quantum mechanics in the spirit of Karl Popper we propose to initiate the CURE Project (China – USA – Russia – European Union) (cure = to solve a problem) in order to build quantum laboratories on different orbits around the Earth, on the surface of the Moon and Mars, and in the Lagrange points of the system the Earth – Moon and the Earth – Sun to get new experimental data for the specific heat of solids, the critical temperatures of superconductors, chemical and physical self-organized reactions (Liesegang rings, Belousov- Zhabotinsky waves, chemical clocks, Bose-Einstein condensates, de Broglie waves, etc.). There is space enough for all participants on this CURE Project to collect new valuable data describing this “hidden variable” presented by Ernest Solvay in his forgotten lecture in 1911.

A Rare Presentation of Liesegang Rings in Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma

Background. Adrenal cavernous hemangiomas (AH) are benign nonfunctional vascular tumors rarely discovered as incidental findings on imaging studies or autopsies. This study presents a single case report of AH with another rare finding of the Liesegang ring. Also, we reviewed 73 case reports of cavernous adrenal hemangioma to provide an overview of AH’s clinical characteristics. Case Report. A nonfunctional AH was incidentally discovered in a 59-year-old morbidly obese female patient with a 10-year history of hypertension and thyroidectomy. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a left suprarenal mass of ∼16 cm in diameter. While the patient had no clinical manifestations from the hemangioma, all laboratory tests were within the normal values with no indication of a functional adrenal tumor. The mass was removed by open left adrenalectomy. The microscopic histological examination revealed a laminated structure with wide blood-filled spaces with a central core of necrotic and hemorrhagic changes, characteristic of a cavernous AH with the presence of a rare Liesegang ring. Conclusion. Although rare, AH should be considered as a differential diagnosis for adrenal masses. This is the first reported case of a cavernous AH with rare microscopic findings of the Liesegang ring.

Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

This work addresses the reuse of waste products as a raw material for lime putties, which are one of the components of mortar. 1:3 Lime/sand mortars very similar to conventional construction mortars were prepared using a lime putty obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum with sodium hydroxide. The physical, rheological and mechanical properties of this phosphogypsum-derived mortar have been studied, as well as the mineralogical composition, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and curing process by monitoring carbonation and ultrasonic propagation velocity. Considering the negative influence of sulphates on the hardened material, the behaviour of the material after sulphates precipitation by adding barium sulphate was additionally tested. Carbonation progressed from the outside to the inside of the specimen through the porous system by Liesegang rings patterns for mortars with soluble sulphates, while the carbonation with precipitated sulphates was controlled by diffusion-precipitation. Overall, the negative influence of low-sulphate contents on the mechanical properties of mortars was verified. It must be highlighted the importance of their precipitation to obtain adequate performance.

Taphonomic patterns mimic biologic structures: diagenetic Liesegang rings in Mesozoic coleoids and coprolites

Because of physiology of coleoids, their fossils preserve soft-tissue-remains more often than other cephalopods. Sometimes, the phosphatized soft-tissues, particularly parts of the muscular mantle, display dark circular patterns. Here, we showcase that these patterns, here documented for fossil coleoids from the Jurassic of Germany and the Cretaceous of Lebanon, superficially resemble chromatophores (which enable living coleoids to alter their coloration). We examined and chemically analyzed the circular structures in these specimens, describe them, and discuss their genesis. Based on their structure and color, we visually differentiate between three types of circles. By comparison with similar structures, we suggest that these structures are not biogenic but Liesegang rings, which formed due to reaction-diffusion processes very soon after death.

Elemental iron: reduction of pertechnetate in the presence of silica and periodicity of precipitated nano-structures

Enhanced TcO4− reduction by metallic Fe0 in the presence of particulate and structural Si. Rhythmical precipitation of dissolved iron leads to formation of layered structures related to geological phenomena such as orbicular rocks and Liesegang rings.

Regularization of the Ostwald supersaturation model for Liesegang bands

In a previous paper, we analysed the Keller–Rubinow formulation of Ostwald's supersaturation theory for the formation of Liesegang rings or Liesegang bands, and found that the model is ill-posed, in the sense that after the termination of the first crystal front growth, secondary bands form, as in the experiment, but these are numerically found to be a single grid space wide, and thus an artefact of the numerical method. This ill-posedness is due to the discontinuity in the crystal growth rate, which itself reflects the supersaturation threshold inherent in the theory. Here we show that the ill-posedness can be resolved by the inclusion of a relaxation mechanism describing an impurity coverage fraction, which physically enables the transition in heterogeneous nucleation from precipitate-free impurity to precipitate-covered impurity.

Viscous fingering phenomena in the early stage of polymer membrane formation

Currently, the most important preparation process for porous polymer membranes is the phase inversion process. While applied for several decades in industry, the mechanism that leads to diverse morphology is not fully understood today. In this work, we present time resolved experiments using light microscopy that indicate viscous fingering during the early stage of pore formation in porous polymer membranes. Numerical simulations using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method are also performed based on Cahn–Hilliard and Navier–Stokes equations to investigate the formation of viscous fingers in miscible and immiscible systems. The comparison of pore formation characteristics in the experiment and simulation shows that immiscible viscous fingering is present; however, it is only relevant in specific preparation set-ups similar to Hele-Shaw cells. In experiments, we also observe the formation of Liesegang rings. Enabling diffusive mass transport across the immiscible interface leads to Liesegang rings in the simulation. We conclude that further investigations of Liesegang pattern as a relevant mechanism in the formation of morphology in porous polymer membranes are necessary.