Quantum dots have the potential to be used in gene therapy
Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoscale semiconductor crystals shown to be intriguing materials in several domains, including biology. Alexei Ekimov originally discovered QDs in the 1980s. The development and utilization of chemical, physical and biological disciplines and new approaches are expected to be available for clinical usage in the near future (e.g., surface functionalization techniques). These efforts should focus largely on overcoming the long-term toxicity of QDs to produce a pharmaceutical QD product for clinical and industrial applications. Other issues include repeatability in QD manufacturing and setting uniform quality standards to ensure batch-to-batch differences are minimized. Additionally, the techniques of administering produced QDs into the body and their regimens should be fully assessed and assessed to fulfill clinical criteria. It is suggested that recent improvements in our understanding of the body's molecular interactions give an insight into the prospective use of QDs in customized treatment. Non-specific QD binding to cell and tissue molecular compartments (e.g. proteins) remains a challenge and researchers worldwide are recommended to focus more on it. Another major impediment to the widespread use of QDs is the heterogeneity in the structure and content of QDs (whether bare or functional), which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about their potential in therapeutic applications and necessitates additional research to develop dependable techniques. Although the barriers to employing QDs in clinical applications have not been completely solved, emerging advances allow this class of materials to approach its therapeutic potential.