Analysis and research of methods of linearization of the transfer function of precision semiconductor temperature sensors

The analysis of the nonlinearity of the transfer function of primary temperature transducers based on transistor structures has been performed. It’s shown that the quadratic component of the transfer function creates a significant nonlinearity error up to 0,2-0,6°C. We have developed methods of linearization based on both the formation of compensatory measuring current and change of the conversion factor of the output scaling amplifier at certain ranges of temperature measurement, which ensure their use in precision temperature measuring devices. The measurement error does not exceed 0.01°C in the range of 30-100°C.

Developmental trajectories in infant pointing: The effects of vocalisation and communicative intention

The goal of this intensive longitudinal study was to trace the developmental trajectories of infant pointing production, through consideration of the modality (i.e. pointing alone vs pointing–vocal coupling) and the communicative intention (i.e. imperative vs declarative). Multilevel analysis was used to model the normative trend and the individual differences in pointing trajectories. Eighteen Italian infants participated in this study and were followed monthly from 9 to 18 months of age. The infants were involved in a structured task designed to elicit imperative and declarative pointing (T-POINT). The proportion of pointing for each participant as a function of age, modality (pointing alone vs pointing–vocal coupling) and context (imperative vs declarative), and the interactional effects, were modelled. Random effects among participants for age trends were estimated. This analysis defined the following: (1) a significant linear increase in pointing production, without and with vocalisation; (2) a significant increase in pointing–vocal coupling over pointing produced alone, in an accelerated form; (3) that the context does not appear to moderate linear and quadratic trends; and (4) that infants differed in their developmental trajectories with respect to the quadratic component, which means that some of the infants developed faster with age than the others. Results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis of strong integration between different systems of communication, further underlining the progression of pointing–vocal coupling.

Using CFD to Assess Low Frequency Damping

During offshore installation operations, floating bodies are often moored using soft mooring which are designed to withstand the environmental forces. Large amplitude motions often occur due to excitation by slowly varying wind and wave drift forces. To analyze these motions the dynamic system has to be accurately described, which includes an estimation of the added mass and damping coefficients. In general, the added mass can be accurately calculated with traditional potential theory. However for the damping this method is not adequate because viscous effects play an important role. Generally these data are obtained using model tests. This paper validates the CFD methodology as an alternative to model tests to evaluate the viscous damping. The aim is to define a standard procedure to derive viscous damping coefficients for surge, sway and yaw motion of floating bodies. To estimate viscous damping in CFD, a 3D model of the launch and float-over barge H-851 was used. For this barge, model test data is available which could be compared with the results of the CFD analysis. For the simulations, the commercial package STAR-CCM+ with the implicit unsteady solver for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations was used. The turbulence model implemented was the k-Omega-SST. Numerical errors have been assessed performing sensitivity analysis on time step and grid size. Damping has been investigated by performing decay simulations as in the model tests, taking the effect of coupling among all motions into account. The P-Q fitting method has been used to determine the linear and quadratic component of the damping. Numerical results are validated with those obtained from the towing tank. Results show that CFD is an adequate tool to estimate the low frequency damping in terms of equivalent damping. More investigations are required to determine the linear and quadratic component.

Failure to Make Orthogonal Polynomial Adjustments for Unequally Spaced Intervals Yields Inaccurate F Values in Trend Tests

Trend tests on the same sets of data having unequally spaced intervals of the independent variable were conducted under conditions of adjustment and non-adjustment of the orthogonal coefficients for linear and quadratic regression. The major result was an inflated F value for the linear component and potentially spurious values for the quadratic component. It was recommended that authors explicitly cite procedures when adjustments of orthogonal coefficients have been made in trend analyses for unevenly spaced levels of the independent variable.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict: I. Empirically Determined Speed-of-Locomotion Approach Gradients

16 male rats were trained to approach the distinctive end of a 20-ft. runway for a 25% sucrose solution, and their running speed was determined over successive 6-ft. segments of the maze. After 5 days of 5 training trials per day, quinine was substituted for sucrose in the case of half the animals and the remaining 8 rats were run under conditions of extinction. Analysis of the intersegmental speeds over the 5 days of training showed the approach speed-of-locomotion gradient was composed of a linear and a quadratic component. Comparison of the quinine and extinction treated groups over Days 6 and 7 suggested quinine was adequate to establish an approach-avoidance conflict in rats previously trained to approach for a positive incentive, and from which recovery was fairly rapid.

SIRE EVALUATION AND HERD LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTION

Age-corrected milk records of 40,374 Holstein cows tested in 1,073 herds in Ontario were studied to determine if the level of herd production had an effect on the genetic expression of milk production. Heritability of milk production was estimated from paternal half-sib correlations at each of seven levels of herd production. The estimates obtained varied from 0.24 ± 0.05 to 0.36 ± 0.04, lowest values being associated with the lowest and highest levels of production. A significant quadratic component (P = 0.07) was obtained when these estimates were regressed on herd level of production. The sire component of variance increased from low to higher levels of herd production. The environmental component of variance increased in magnitude from the lowest to the highest production level, with a large increase at the highest level. Correlations among the contemporary comparison proofs of 19 sires, each evaluated on the production of 20 or more daughters at four levels of herd production, ranged from 0.73 to 1.01, indicating little change in ranking of sires across herd level of production.

Numerically Varied S-R Mapping Disorder

Qualitative support for the effects on learning of various degrees of S-R mapping disorder was cited to show that the way stimulus and response classes are connected or mapped together may have a strong effect on learning rate. Then to study quantitatively the S-R mapping problem a paradigm based on discrimination learning procedures was constructed. It made possible the numerical variation of S-R mapping on an order-disorder basis. The order-disorder dimension was related a priori to a linear variable for number of different correct choices and to a quadratic variable for conditional mapping uncertainty, U.(R). Mean errors were significantly related to only the quadratic component. Other results include: a closer relation between U.(R) and SDs than between U.(R) and means; unique patterns of errors within groups related to mapping structure; and a correspondence between post-experimental subjective awareness and both task structure and difficulty. Finally, among post hoc explanations of mapping effects one phrased in terms of mapping uncertainty and hypothesis storage, sampling, and generation gave the best account of obtained results.