A Strategy to Identify Event Specific Hospitalizations in Large Health Claims Databases

Background Health insurance claims data offer a unique opportunity to study disease distribution on a large scale. Challenges arise in the process of accurately analyzing these raw data. One important challenge to overcome is the accurate classification of study outcomes. For example, using claims data, there is no clear way of classifying hospitalizations due to a specific event. This is because of the inherent disjointedness and lack of context that typically come with raw claims data. Methods In this paper, we propose a framework for classifying hospitalizations due to a specific event. Results We then test this framework in a health insurance claims database with approximately 4 million US adults who tested positive with COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Our claims specific COVID-19 related hospitalizations proportion is then compared to nationally reported rates from the Centers for Disease Control by age and sex. Conclusions The proposed methodology is a rigorous way to define event specific hospitalizations in claims data. This methodology can be extended to many different types of events and used on a variety of different types of claims databases.

Exploring the reflective typology of novice EFL teachers in a Thai university

<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents the reflective typology elicited from the three data sets of reflective writings written by novice teachers in Thailand's university context</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">As part of an action research study to improve a novice teacher</span><em><span lang="TH">’</span></em><span lang="EN-US">s professional development, two teachers volunteered to write reflections for a semester of their assigned courses</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">Three data sets of reflective writings were submitted at the end of a 16</span><em><span lang="TH">-</span></em><span lang="EN-US">week semester</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">Due to our desire to provide a more meaningful interpretation of the reflective writings, grounded theory was used, resulting in two emerging themes-descriptive code, which refers to the description of a specific event in the classroom, and reflective code, which include acts in the classroom where the teacher considered an option and reflected on it</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">In the typology derived from our study, reflections on teaching, students, and self are common among three data sets</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">Moreover, the instructional act is a common specific code in both descriptive and reflective codes</span><em><span lang="TH">. </span></em><span lang="EN-US">The typology can be used to investigate novice teachers</span><em><span lang="TH">’ </span></em><span lang="EN-US">reflective acts to further their professional development</span><span lang="IN">.</span>

Guarantee and Indemnity

This chapter tackles guarantee or bond, which has no definitive judicial definition but is widely held to be a contract in which the guarantor agrees to be answerable for the debt or default of another to a third party. It cites the primary obligation of a third party that is underwritten by the guarantor as an essential characteristic of a guarantee. It also explains how the guarantor becomes answerable for the faults of the third party. This chapter talks about the indemnitor that undertakes a primary liability to another party in order to indemnify the other party against a specific event, which may or may not involve the act or default of a third party. It points out that the indemnity contained in construction sub-contracts is the most frequently used form of indemnity in the construction industry.

National And Foreign Experience In Determining The Conclusion Of Civil Law Contracts

The emergence of rights and obligations between citizens and legal entities is based on a specific event or phenomenon. Such events are called legal facts in civil law. Article 8 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan lists the types of such legal facts, according to which civil rights and duties arise from contracts and other agreements provided by law, as well as from contracts and other agreements that do not contradict the law. The contract and its structure are the basis for the creation of civil rights and obligations as a legal fact. The conclusion of a contract is primarily an expression of the will of the parties. [3] This article describes in detail the concept of contract and its importance in the context of market relations, the types and content of contracts, the conclusion of contracts, freedom of contract.

Seneca the Elder, the Controuersia Figurata, and the Political Discourse of the Early Empire

This paper studies examples of how exponents of Roman declamation could insert into arguments on the trivial, even fantastic, cases known as controuersiae statements of striking relevance to the political culture of the triumviral and early imperial period. This is particularly apparent in the Controuersiae of Seneca the Elder but some traces remain in the Minor Declamations attributed to Quintilian. The boundaries separating Rome itself from the declamatory city referred to by modern scholars as Sophistopolis are significantly blurred even in those instances where the exercise does not turn on a specific event from Roman history, and there is much to be gained from how the declaimers deploy Roman historical examples. Some of the most sophisticated instances of mediated political comment exploit the employment of universalizing sententiae, which have considerable bite when they are related to contemporary Roman discourse and experience. The declamation schools are a forum for thinking through the implications of the transformation of the Roman state and deserve a place within any history of Roman political thought.

From common to firm-specific event dates: A new version of the estudy command

The estudy command proposed by Pacicco, Vena, and Venegoni (2018, Stata Journal 18: 461–476) performs event studies only for event-date clustering, that is, when the event date is common to all securities. This constitutes a relevant limitation because the vast majority of this methodology’s applications concerns studies in which the events happen on different dates for each statistical unit considered. In this article, we propose and describe a substantial update to estudy, which 1) performs event studies in the absence of event-date clustering (that is, when each security has its own event date); 2) further customizes the output by producing LATEX-formatted tables; 3) graphs the cumulative abnormal returns over a customized period set by the user; 4) makes more output data available through either the return list or Excel files; 5) allows a double possibility as input: either prices or returns; and 6) uses wildcards.

#Kanhaiya: Exploring Indian journalists’ use of Twitter to share developing news and audience engagement with different types of tweets

This exploratory study examined the twitter feeds of ten senior Indian journalists during a specific event of national importance to understand what type of tweets led to greater follower engagement. Further, we examined how followers engaged with congruent and incongruent messages. Analysis of tweets about a specific developing event – the arrest and release of a student activist – indicated that journalists largely tweeted opinions, and that this type of tweet attracted more follower engagement than purely factual tweets. Analysis of each editor’s most commented upon tweets indicated that followers showed a higher level of engagement with incongruent messages than with messages with which they agreed. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

CommuniMents

Social media has revolutionized human communication and styles of interaction. Due to its effectiveness and ease, people have started using it increasingly to share and exchange information, carry out discussions on various events, and express their opinions. Various communities may have diverse sentiments about events and it is an interesting research problem to understand the sentiments of a particular community for a specific event. In this article, the authors propose a framework CommuniMents which enables us to identify the members of a community and measure the sentiments of the community for a particular event. CommuniMents uses automated snowball sampling to identify the members of a community, then fetches their published contents (specifically tweets), pre-processes the contents and measures the sentiments of the community. The authors perform qualitative and quantitative evaluation for a variety of real world events to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

ANCIENT MAYAN RITUAL CAVE COMPLEXES AS MEMORY SPACE

The Mayan commemorative practices of the Classic Period (3d – 9 th centuries) committed for the purpose of on claiming the power le- gitimacy, territorial possessions and the establishment of political influence, are well known. A commemorative program, aimed at constructing historical memory, is characterized by the ostentation and periodic addressing to specific event, and by ritual accompaniment. In the article the author identifies one more commemorative practice that stands out of the listed – the hieroglyphic texts in Mayan caves. The caves are among the objects of the sacred landscape, which is common for all Mesoamerican cultures; it was and still is a place for the pilgrimage and worship. Many archaeological projects witnessed the elite and non-elite use of caves in the Late Classic and the Postclassic Periods. The hieroglyphic texts were applied in hard-to-reach areas of absolute darkness, where sunlight did not reach them due to natural barriers or artificial walls. Such texts were not intended to be broadly demonstrated. This article consid- ers the practice of hidden text application as a special type of the Maya com- memorative practice of the Сlassic Period.