Press Regulation in the UK Nowadays: The Guardian about IPSO and IMPRESS

According to research different countries have unique experiences in solving ethical conflicts. The current study characterized the current situation of media regulation in the UK as a crisis, since two similar regulators function instead of one single national body. The Independent Press Standards Organization (IPSO) oversees most national newspapers, while the Independent Monitor for the Press (IMPRESS) deals with local and regional publications. The analysis of the Guardian`s articles from 2014 to 2021 on media regulation showed that after the Press Complaints Commission was closed the Guardian didn`t accept IPSO`s protection and worked out its own self-regulatory scheme. The journalists perceive that IPSO repeats the PCC`s mistake and is far from being an independent regulator. The study found that IPSO is not sufficiently resolute and consistent in upholding standards when it comes to major British publications. IPSO refused to accept the jurisdiction of Press Recognition Panel (PRP) that controls if regulators meet certain requirements (39 Criteria). The main advantage of IMPRESS is that it still exists on the basis of grants and voluntary contributions. It is not financially dependent on the media industry and has received an approval of the PRP. IMPRESS deals mostly with local papers so it has no big influence on a national scale. The study found few cases of IMPRESS activities in “The Guardian”. Technologies pose new regulatory issues. A strict system of internal regulation in some publications is an interesting example in this sphere. “The Guardian” has 20 years of experience in such work.

Interaction Between Media Culture and Legal Culture and Their Impact on the Media Regulation System in Bulgaria

The article discusses the democratic changes in the Bulgarian society and the new regulatory system from the perspective of media and legal cultures. The article analyzes legal phenomena as such, as well as the social environment in which they have emerged and developed during the years of democratic transition. Law is a social regulator and has to serve the public interest. In Bulgaria, however, it has always been subject to the political will of the majorities and could not fulfill its function to provide the necessary basis for the establishment of democratic regulatory culture, management culture and culture of independence within the media.

Regulating social media in Nigeria: A quantitative perception study

The advent of social networks as Blogs, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, among others, has revolutionized communications. The power of social media messages rests on its ability to instantly and simultaneously reach a wide, diverse audience, and transforming social life. While the public has overtime become accustomed to the regulation of conventional media like the Radio, TV and Print establishments by government regulatory agencies, the idea of regulating social media, a space which many users consider to be the major avenue to air their views, is one that has generated mixed feelings. This study seeks to understand the perception of everyday Nigerian social media users towards government's attempt to regulation social media, amidst the recently proposed Social Media Regulation Bill by the Nigerian lawmakers. The respondents randomly selected for this study were the University of Abuja students and the researcher adopted the survey research design to collect information from the population through questionnaires. The findings indicated that despite respondents' awareness of the possible demerits of an unregulated social media, majority of them (54%) kick against the idea of social media regulation, while a substantial (46%) support the move on the provision that it is not politicized. The study therefore recommends transparency and openness on the part of government officials for better cooperation by the public. Keywords: Media regulation, Social media regulation, Free speech, Social media bill.

Models of mass media regulation: comparative analysis

This article examines the foreign models of regulation of the media industry aimed at protection of children from information that may harm their health and development. The author reviews the widespread approaches towards classification of the systems of mass media regulation, and the genesis of the corresponding scientific representations. Having compared the key provisions of these approaches, the author determines the universal factors and parameters of the systems of mass media regulation in foreign countries. Addressing the issues of children’s protection from harmful content and taking measures aimed at restriction of distribution of information, the article considers media regulation system as a social practice and vector of information policy. The conclusion is made on the key role of the traditional value orientations, perceptions of risks in relation to health and development of children, mechanisms and technologies for protecting children from harmful information. Pronounced trends in regulation of mass media for the protection of children include the increase in national differentiation despite the globalization of media communication processes, which the author associates with the diversity of the main sources of dynamics of sociocultural national spaces. The growing commercialization of media industry indicates the need for integrating the capacities of state and civil mechanisms of control over the distribution of media products in the face of the threat of monopolization of media industry.

News Media Regulation: A Mixed Membership Model Approach

<p>The traditional platform-centric approach to media regulation is no longer tenable with the distinct line between broadcast and print media being blurred by mainstream media combining text and video via the internet. To address platform convergence, the Law Commission recommends a universal news media regulator, the News Media Standards Authority, which encompasses broadcasters, the press and onlineonly providers. The Commission endorses a voluntary membership model with a range of incentives to entice entities to join. This paper will critique the efficacy of the Commission’s incentives before undertaking a first principles analysis of news media regulation to illustrate the need for an element of compulsion in the membership model of the News Media Standards Authority. This paper argues that a mixed membership model, whereby a matrix of factors is used to determine the entities that will be required to join, is more appropriate for the News Media Standards Authority.</p>

News Media Regulation: A Mixed Membership Model Approach

<p>The traditional platform-centric approach to media regulation is no longer tenable with the distinct line between broadcast and print media being blurred by mainstream media combining text and video via the internet. To address platform convergence, the Law Commission recommends a universal news media regulator, the News Media Standards Authority, which encompasses broadcasters, the press and onlineonly providers. The Commission endorses a voluntary membership model with a range of incentives to entice entities to join. This paper will critique the efficacy of the Commission’s incentives before undertaking a first principles analysis of news media regulation to illustrate the need for an element of compulsion in the membership model of the News Media Standards Authority. This paper argues that a mixed membership model, whereby a matrix of factors is used to determine the entities that will be required to join, is more appropriate for the News Media Standards Authority.</p>

Examining Influencer Marketing Practices and Disclosure in Malaysia

Recent times have seen social media influencers becoming the foundation of ‘influencer’ based marketing practices. This phenomenon raises certain legal concerns, including the issue of disclosure. This study examined influencer marketing practices in Malaysia on Instagram and explored Malaysia’s need to review its regulation, especially when it comes to disclosure. Although preliminary, the findings of this study give an overview of the marketing practices undertaken by these influencers and the lack of disclosure of ‘material connection’ between the business or brand and the influencers. It is concluded that Malaysia needs to acknowledge this concern and revised its laws. Keywords: disclosure; influencer marketing; social media; regulation eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

Audiovisual Media Regulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Measures Undertaken by the Romanian Authorities during the State of Emergency

The present study aims to offer a review of measures taken by the Romanian authorities in the field of audiovisual media regulation during the state of emergency instituted in March 2020 following the COVID-19 outbreak. The legal framework has been adjusted, drawing both from extant norms, such as the 2003 Constitution of Romania, and from newly adapted legal norms such as the Presidential Decree declaring the state of emergency. Also, the competent authorities have been invested with additional powers, this being the case of the National Audiovisual Council and the National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications. These institutions have faced multiple challenges regarding the clash between freedom of opinion and freedom of speech and the right to correct information of the public and the campaigns to counter misinformation.