Macroeconomic Activity and Role of Zaka in Achieving Economic Stability (Aggregate Supply and Economic Variable): الزكاة والنشاط الاقتصادي الكلي ودورهما في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي (العرض الكلي والمتغيرات الاقتصادية)

The duty of Zaka is one of the important financial resources of the Islamic state, it is also an effective tool to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality between society members. As it guarantees a regular flow of funds every year which is spent in specified channels. The obligation of Zaka has a crucial role in economic recovery because of three main factors, which prohibit hoarding, promoting investment, and encourage spending.so that is why the duty of Zaka is accomodate with economics principles. This research aims to clarify and show the economic impact of Zaka fund development through theoretical, mathematical, and graphical analysis on macroeconomics variables which is related to Aggregate Supply. Researcher used theoretical, mathematical, graphical approaches for explanation economic variables. and used deductive approach through shows the effect of zakat on the aggregate supply. researcher concludes that the duty of Zaka is an effective economic tool, and its impact on the economy is cumulative, so it is considered one of the injection elements in the Islamic economy by preventing leakage, through prohibit hoarding, that’s why it has a positive impact on the supply of human and capital resources. The researcher recommends to work on promoting the revival of Zaka, and the Zakat should be compulsory not voluntary through laws and regulations.

Macroeconomics Activity and Role of Zaka in Achieving Economic Stability (Aggregate Demand/ Mathematical Analysis Study): الزكاة والنشاط الاقتصادي الكلي ودورهما في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي (الطلب الكلي/ دراسة تحليلية اقتصادية رياضية)

This research aimed to clarify and show the economic impact of Zaka fund development through theoretical, mathematical, and graphical analysis on macroeconomics variables which is related to aggregate demand, Researchers used theoretical, mathematical, graphical approaches for explanation economic variables. and used deductive approach through shows the effect of zakat on the aggregate Demand. The researcher concludes that the duty of Zaka induces economic growth and protects the economy from risk fluctuations whether it is recession or inflation. The researcher recommends to work on promoting the revival of Zaka, and the Zakat should be compulsory not voluntary through laws and regulations, ࢫbecause it raises the level of economic activity through its direct effect to stimulate fund investment, raise consumer’s demand and expand the market.

Pengaruh Nilai Tukar dan Inflasi pada Reksadana Syariah di Indonesia

<em>The increasing development of Islamic mutual funds and making a more varied and more promising sharia capital market instrument for investors who want to invest their capital in the Islamic capital market, are able to make Indonesia the largest country in establishing a sharia capital market. However, the development of Islamic mutual funds is not easy to make the largest sharia-based investment container in Indonesia because there are still many factors that can affect the rise and fall of NAVs in Islamic mutual funds that Investment Managers still find difficult to overcome. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the development of Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia. In this study the data used is secondary data. Data obtained from various sources, namely part of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) Annual Report and also a portion of the Sharia Mutual Fund Development Statistics in the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) taken in the third quarter of 2015-Quarterly III 2018. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods and using SPSS software. The results obtained showed that partially Islamic NAV mutual funds were only influenced by inflation and the number of RDS, while the Jakarta Islamic Indeks and the exchange rate did not affect the NAV of Islamic mutual funds. Simultaneously shows that Jakarta Islamic Indeks, exchange rate, inflation and the amount of RDS have a simultaneous influence on the dependent variable (Islamic mutual fund NAV</em><em>.</em>

Improvement Methods for Human Service Organizations

A number of methods for improving organizational operations are becoming more common in human service organizations. Capacity building typically addresses enhancing management systems capacity in areas such as strategic planning, information systems, and fund development. Benchmarking and best practices are tools that can be used at the level of the entire organization or for specific service delivery practices to search for models that can be adapted to one’s own organization. Implementing evidence-based practices, known broadly as implementation science, is a very common organizational change challenge for human service organizations these days. Formal evidence-based practice implementation methods for human service organizations include the exploration, adoption/preparation, implementation, and sustainment model and the work of the National Implementation Research Network. Organizational learning and learning organization principles are become increasingly better known in human service organizations and actually represent an arena of organizational change that can help organizations develop ongoing methods for continuous improvement.

Sociodemographic and Service Use Characteristics of Abortion Fund Cases from Six States in the U.S. Southeast

Abortion funds are key actors in mitigating barriers to abortion access, particularly in contexts where state-level abortion access restrictions are concentrated. Using 2017–2019 case management data from a regional abortion fund in the southeastern U.S., we described the sociodemographic and service use characteristics of cases overall (n = 9585) and stratified by state of residence (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee). Overall, cases represented people seeking abortion fund assistance who predominately identified as non-Hispanic Black (81%), 18–34 years of age (84%), publicly or uninsured (87%), having completed a high school degree or some college (70%), having one or more children (77%), and as Christian (58%). Most cases involved an in-state clinic (81%), clinic travel distance under 50 miles (63%), surgical abortion (66%), and pregnancy under 13 weeks’ gestation (73%), with variation across states. The median abortion fund contribution pledge was $75 (interquartile range (IQR): 60–100), supplementing median caller contributions of $200 (IQR: 40–300). These data provide a unique snapshot of a population navigating disproportionate, intersecting barriers to abortion access, and abortion fund capacity for social care and science. Findings can inform abortion fund development, data quality improvement efforts, as well as reproductive health, rights and justice advocacy, policy, and research.

ANALYSIS OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON VILLAGE FUNDS (CASE STUDY OF SEI ROTAN VILLAGE, PERCUT SEI TUAN DISTRICT)

So far, the government has realized the village fund budget every year. Therefore, every village government is obliged to make development plans that can support the welfare of the community by prioritizing community priorities or needs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the village fund allocation policies in village development planning. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation and interviews, then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. Data processing is done by reducing, categorizing, and concluding and presenting data. The results of this study found that so far the village fund allocation policies have been implemented well, such as meeting basic needs, building facilities and infrastructure, developing local economic potential, and utilizing natural and environmental resources. Likewise the face of the regional planning of Sei Rotan Village by using the Village Fund budget has been able to leverage the improvement of Village welfare. However, the problem is that the planned program has not been fully fulfilled due to limited human resources and budget. The regional development realized with village funds is the construction of roads, bridges and drainage at flood-prone points. The land use pattern of the Sei Rotan area shows the expansion of the built-in land in the form of developer housing and community villagesKeywords: Village Fund, Development, TerritoryPemerintah sejauh ini telah merealisasikan anggaran dana desa setiap tahunnya. Oleh karena itu, setiap pemerintah desa wajib membuat perencanaan pembangunan yang dapat mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan mengutamakn perioritas atau kebutuhan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kebijakan alokasi dana desa dalam perencanaa pembangunan wilayah desa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif.. Tehnik pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan observasi dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan tehnik analisis kualitatif. Pengolahn data dilakukan dengan mereduksi, mengkategorisasikan, dan menyimpulkan dan menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa selama ini kebijakan alokasi dana desa telah dilaksanakan dengan baik seperti pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, pembangunan sarana dan prasarana, pengembangan potensi ekonomi lokal, dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Demikian halnya wajah perencanaan wilayah Desa Sei Rotan dengan menggunakan anggaran Dana Desa telah mampu mengungkit peningkatan kesejahteraan Desa. Namun permasalahannya belum sepenuhnya program yang direncanakan terpenuhi dikarenakan keterbatasan sumberdaya manusia dan anggaran. Adapun pengembangan wilayah yang terealisasi dengan dana desa adalah pembangunan jalan, jembatan, drainase pada titik-titik rawan banjir. Pola pemanfaatan lahan kawasan Sei Rotan memperlihatkan perluasan lahan terbangun dalam wujud perumahan pengembang maupun perkampungan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Dana Desa, Pembangunan, Wilayah

State insurance in the Soviet legal doctrine

This article attempts to analyze the theoretical approaches towards regulation of state insurance by various branches of the Soviet law that existed in the legal thought of the XX century. Attention is focused on the state activity aimed at formation of the specialized insurance funds and peculiarities of their use. The article examines the procedure for the formation of state insurance fund, development trends, understanding of the essence and the key role of state insurance in the Soviet period. It is indicated that state insurance in the Soviet period represented the activity of government branches on formation of the specialized monetary funds by means of contributions made by socialist organizations and citizens (policyholders) that were used by the insurance system to compensate for material damage caused by natural disasters, accidents, etc., as well as carried out preventive measures and awareness-raising activity for their prevention. The following conclusions were formulated: in the Soviet period insurance as the legal institution was studied by a range of legal sciences, including the science of financial law; the insurance relations were regulated by several branches of the Soviet law. It is worth noting that the question on the boundaries of such regulation was of ambiguous and debatable nature. For the most part, insurance relations in the Soviet period were regulated by the norms of financial and civil law. The Soviet financial law regulated the relations that arouse in the process of development of state insurance as one of the main types of financial activity of the state. The property relations that established on the basis of implementation of these general terms were of civil nature. The question of sectoral borders is still relevant for many post-Soviet states.