The Influence of Executive Compensation Gap on Earnings Management from the Perspective of Media Supervision: Evidence from China

To pursue higher compensation, the agent’s earnings management behavior may damage the principal’s interests. Can managers whose compensation reaches the expected level seek benefits for the company through earnings management? This study takes China’s A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2018 as samples. The conclusions show that managers with higher compensation levels will carry out earnings management in favor of the company while taking their own interests into consideration. For companies with stronger profitability, the higher the managers’ compensation is, the more they are inclined to reduce accrued earnings in the current period to further reduce taxes and fees. For companies with weaker profitability, managers with higher compensation tend to choose to increase real earnings to further optimize financial indicators. It has been found through further research that high pressure generated by media attention can make well-paid executives restrain the above earnings management behavior, which serves as an effective method to protect investors’ rights and interests.

DEGOLISM, FRENCH V REPUBLIC AND SERBIAN CONSTITUTIONAL CHOISES

Can the political and doctrinal legacy of Charles De Gaulle be linked to Serbia? The answer is affirmative even far more than we think. Austrian and French experiences were used during the drafting of the Serbian constitution from 2006. Our constitutional text also established a kind of mixed system, in which the Prime Minister was the holder of executive power, while the President of the Republic was in charge of expressing the unity of the Republic of Serbia. It was a bad copy of the constitution of the French V Republic. The President of the Republic of Serbia was elected by the people in direct elections, but he was denied the competencies that this election requires. Even more serious consequences were left by the introduction of a proportional electoral system that produced weak and corrupt coalition governments whose composition was determined by reach poeple and foreign intelligence services. In order to avoid distortions of the electoral proportionality, ie to obtain a stable government, the introduction of autocratic measures of media supervision and control and state institutions followed.

The Evolutionary Game Model of Local Government Environmental Regulation with Media Participation

The battle for pollution prevention and control has been promoted in an all-round way, and the quality of the ecological environment has been significantly improved, but the results are not stable, and environmental problems are still prominent. With the development of social economy, media supervision is playing an increasingly important role in government actions and environmental issues. This paper considers the role of media supervision, constructs an evolutionary game model between local governments and enterprises, analyzes and explains the evolutionary equilibrium. The results show that the media exposure of corporate pollution and local government inaction is conducive to achieve evolutionary equilibrium {regulation, cleaner production}. Local governments give enterprises pollution control subsidies and environmental protection rewards, which can promote green and clean production of enterprises. The paper provides a useful reference for promoting clean production of enterprises and achieving high-quality development.

Dialogic supervision: Investigating supervision practices of English pre-service teachers in a professional training program (PLP)

This paper serves as a preliminary study of the dialogic supervision as a breakthrough to improve the performance of pre-service English teachers in a Program Latihan Profesi/Professional Training Program (PLP). In detail, this research is aimed at: (1) investigating the pattern of ongoing PLP supervising, (2) identifying if there is an indication of dialogical supervision and (3) identifying the difficulties the pre-service teachers faced during their supervision. The Research and Development was designed for three years. The subjects of this research are pre-service teachers, supervisory teacher and supervisory lecturer. The data were collected through three instruments, such as observation, interview with pre-service teachers, interview with both supervisory teachers and lecturers, and questionnaires distributed to the pre-service teachers. The first-year findings show that the current supervision pattern tends to be conventional as seen from several aspects: face-to-face technique, formal situation, instructional language, supervisory lecturer and the teacher still dominate in the supervision discussion, non-problem based supervision topic, and the low frequency of meetings. On the other hand, some points are identified within the pattern of dialogical supervision, i.e., collegial language, independent reflection, friendly, flexibility of time and place. Besides, there are some problems faced by the supervisory lecturers and teachers, among other time limitation, less contextual supervision material, poor coordination, ineffective feedback. Therefore, the solutions include supervision planning coordinated by all three parties and made into a schedule, optimum use of social media, supervision material selection is based on the needs of the pre-service teachers.