DE LA VENERACIÓN DE LOS RESTOS AL CULTO DE LA NACIÓN:LA CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA NOCIÓN DE “RELIQUIA HISTÓRICA” EN LA ARGENTINA DEL SIGLO XIX.

El artículo reconstruye los contextos en los cuales el imaginario colectivo comenzó a asociar una serie de objetos relacionados con los llamados “héroes de la Independencia” con la noción de “reliquia” forjando un nuevo uso de ella. Retomando y adaptando la tradición cristiana de venerar “restos” que se consideraba que habían tenido contacto con el cuerpo o la sangre de Cristo o de los santos, durante el siglo XIX argentino y latinoamericano los de algunas figuras políticas pasaron a ser consideradas “reliquias históricas” y por lo tanto objetos de exaltación por haber pertenecido a los “héroes” y “mártires” de la Nación. A partir de ellos conjeturamos que la dirigencia liberal instituyó el culto cívico a la nación yuxtaponiendo el valor histórico con repertorios del martirio cristiano, el culto a los muertos y la devoción a sus reliquias.

Evidence for variable precipitation and discharge from Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene fluvial deposits of the Raton Basin, Colorado–New Mexico, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The Raton Basin of Colorado–New Mexico, USA, is the southeasternmost basin of the Laramide intraforeland province of North America. It hosts a thick succession (4.5 km or 15,000 ft) of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene marine and continental strata that were deposited in response to the final regression of the Western Interior Seaway and the onset of Laramide intraforeland deformation. The Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene Raton and Poison Canyon formations were previously described as meandering river and braided river deposits that represented distal and proximal members of rivers that drained the basin-bounding Sangre de Cristo–Culebra uplift. We present new observations of fluvial-channel architecture that show that both formations contain the deposits of sinuous fluvial channels. However, fluvial channels of the Raton Formation formed in ever-wet environments and were affected by steady discharge, whereas channels of the overlying Poison Canyon Formation formed in drier environments and were affected by variable discharge. The apparent transition in fluvial discharge characteristics was coeval with the progradation of fluvial fans across the Raton Basin during the Paleocene, emanating from the ancestral Sangre de Cristo–Culebra uplift. The construction of fluvial fans, coupled with the sedimentary features observed within, highlights the dual control of Laramide deformation and early Cenozoic climatic patterns on the sedimentary evolution of the Raton Basin.

Effect of rock strength on exhumation and the thermochronologic record: The south-central Colorado example

<p>Past work has used the Southern Rocky Mountains (SRM) in the U.S. state of Colorado to illustrate the important role that rock strength plays in the histories recorded by the apatite fission track (AFT) and apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) low-temperature thermochronometers (Flowers & Ehlers, 2018). The SRM were initially raised during the Laramide Orogeny, ca. 70-45 Ma, but consensus exists that the region also experienced a later, post-Laramide exhumation event. Flowers & Ehlers (2018) pointed to the low erosion potential of the Precambrian crystalline basement rocks that crop out in most SRM ranges as a primary reason for the abundance of 55-70 Ma “Laramide” AFT and AHe dates in the region, compared to a paucity of younger dates that would presumably be produced through erosion triggered by the post-Laramide exhumation event. South-central Colorado offers a test of this hypothesis, due to lateral variations in rock erodibility provided by the presence here of both sedimentary and crystalline Laramide ranges and adjacent sedimentary basins. The combination of our ongoing AHe study with previous south-central Colorado AFT and AHe work reveals kilometer-scale post-Laramide (Oligo-Miocene) exhumation has occurred in areas that possess thick sedimentary rock sequences whereas exhumation has been negligible where crystalline basement comprises the land surface. </p><p>South-central Colorado’s Sangre de Cristo Mountains consist of an imbricate stack of thrust sheets composed of Permian sedimentary rock. About 30 km farther east stand the Wet Mountains, another Laramide range – but one composed of Precambrian basement rock. The Raton Basin, a SRM foreland basin filled with 2 km of synorogenic fill underlain by a thick sequence of marine shale, lies south and east of the two ranges. The Wet Mountains thus form a peninsula of strong crystalline rock surrounded by more erodible sedimentary rocks to the west, south, and east. </p><p>Our study and that of Landman (2018) records at least 2 km of erosion in the Raton Basin east and south of the Wet Mountains since 25 Ma. Lindsey et al (1986) obtained 24-15 Ma AFT dates from the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, demonstrating that kilometer-scale Oligo-Miocene exhumation occurred just west of the Wet Mountains. By contrast, Kelley and Chapin (2004) obtained only pre-Laramide AFT ages between 228-110 Ma for 17 samples of Precambrian basement from the crest of the Wet Mountains. A 32 Ma ash flow tuff unconformably overlies Precambrian basement on Greenhorn Mountain, the Wet Mountains’ highest and southernmost peak. Its presence reinforces the conclusion, based on the AFT dates, that Oligo-Miocene erosion of the Wet Mountain massif has been minimal simultaneous with kilometer-scale exhumation to the west, south, and east. These results illustrate the important role that rock strength plays in determining the dates recorded in low-temperature thermochronologic studies.</p>

A shallow rift basin segmented in space and time: The southern San Luis Basin, Rio Grande rift, northern New Mexico, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Interpretation of gravity, magnetotelluric, and aeromagnetic data in conjunction with geologic constraints reveals details of basin geometry, thickness, and spatiotemporal evolution of the southern San Luis Basin, one of the major basins of the northern Rio Grande rift. Spatial variations of low-density basin-fill thickness are estimated primarily using a 3D gravity inversion method that improves on previous modeling efforts by separating the effects of the low-density basin fill from the effects of pre-rift rocks. The basin is found to be significantly narrower—and more complex in the subsurface—than indicated or implied by previous modeling efforts. The basin is also estimated to be significantly shallower than previously estimated. Five distinct subbasins are recognized within the broader southern San Luis Basin. The oldest and shallowest subbasin is the Las Mesitas graben along the northwestern basin margin, formed during the Oligocene transition from Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field magmatism to rifting. In this subbasin, sediments are estimated to reach a maximum thickness of ~400 m within a north–south elongated structural depression. Other subbasins that likely initially developed during the Miocene are the dominant tectonic features in the southern San Luis Basin. This includes the Tres Orejas subbasin, which formed in the southwestern portion of the basin by the Embudo fault zone and a hypothesized fault zone along its western margin. This subbasin reaches a maximum thickness of ~2 km, as indicated by magnetotelluric and gravity modeling. The Sunshine Valley, Questa, and Taos subbasins occupy the eastern part of the southern San Luis Basin. The southern Sangre de Cristo fault zone is the dominant tectonic feature that controlled their development after ~20 Ma. The east-down Gorge fault zone controlled the western margins of significant parts of these eastern subbasins, although much of the Taos subbasin may be superimposed on the Tres Orejas subbasin. Maximum low-density basin-fill thicknesses are estimated to be 1.2 km for the Sunshine Valley subbasin, 800 m for the Questa subbasin, and 1.8 km for the Taos subbasin. Subbasin-forming tectonic activity along the Gorge fault zone and within the Tres Orejas subbasin ceased by the end of the development of the largely Pliocene Taos Plateau volcanic field. After that, rift-related subsidence became more narrowly centered on the eastern margin of the basin, controlled mainly by the linked Embudo and southern Sangre de Cristo fault zones.

Del mundo medieval al moderno: cambio devocional y conflicto social. El ejemplo valenciano de las cofradías de Llíria (siglos XV-XVI)

Mediante el análisis del conflicto que se generó entre las cofradías de una pequeña ciudad valenciana del interior, Llíria, a mediados del siglo XVI, se explican sus características y las causas que dieron lugar a su diferente evolución posterior. Analizamos también el complejo contexto socioeconómico y religioso-cultural de transición al mundo moderno en el que se produjeron las importantes transformaciones en los aspectos espirituales y devocionales que afectaron al mundo confraternal, y que en el espacio valenciano dieron lugar a la extensión de las agrupaciones relacionadas con la Pasión y la Sangre de Cristo a lo largo de todo el siglo XVI.

Impacto del procesamiento sobre los compuestos con propiedades antioxidantes de dos variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.)

El maíz (Zea mays L.) constituye junto con el trigo y el arroz uno de los cereales importantes del mundo, suministra elementos nutritivos tanto a los seres humanos como a los animales y es materia prima básica para la industria alimenticia. Las variedades de color morado o negro además de presentar nutrientes contienen antioxidantes naturales que ayudan a reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiacas, respiratorias y a prevenir enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del procesamiento en el contenido de compuestos y la actividad antioxidante del grano y raquis de las variedades de maíz: INIAP-199 y Sangre de Cristo. En estado crudo, el grano de INIAP-199 presentó el mayor contenido de fenoles (276.24 mg.100 g-1) y antocianinas totales (241.97 mg.100 g-1), zinc (3.72 mg.100 g-1) y carotenoides (281.42 ug.100 g-1). Igualmente, en el raquis de esta variedad se registró un mayor contenido de flavonoides (210.73 mg.100 g-1), taninos (100.54 mg.100 g-1) y ácido ascórbico (503.87 mg.100 g-1). El extracto del raquis de INIAP-199 presentó un mayor poder antioxidante reductor férrico (1.92 mg.ml-1), este valor superó al extracto del grano (2.90 mg.ml-1). En los extractos del raquis y grano de la variedad Sangre de Cristo se registró una menor capacidad para reducir el ión férrico (6.59 y 6.92 mg.ml-1), lo cual podría guardar relación con la menor concentración de compuestos fenólicos en sus extractos. En general, el proceso de remojo afectó en menor grado a la concentración de compuestos con capacidad antioxidante del grano, el efecto contrario se determinó con el perlado, lo que hace suponer que los componentes con las mencionadas propiedades se concentran en el pericarpio del grano.