DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS OF INFORMATION PROTECTION AT THE ENTERPRISE IN CONDITIONS OF DESTABILIZING INFORMATION INFLUENCE

The subject of the article is the models of protection of official, commercial, confidential and other information, which is used by the officials of enterprises when making managerial decisions in terms of destabilizing informative influences. The aim of the study is to obtain an integral index, which characterizes the protection of necessary information, which is used by the officials of the enterprise when making managerial decisions in the presence of destabilizing information influences from the social networks, open sources and insiders. The task of this work are determinations of basic parameters, that characterize the system of defense of information of enterprise at the acceptance of administrative decisions a public servant in the conditions of destabilizing informative influences. The methods of researches are a probability theory and quality theory of differential equalizations. Results: on the basis of the observation and research of the activity of officials in the enterprises of different forms of ownership it was established that making managerial decisions by an official of the enterprise under conditions of destabilizing information influence is a relaxation fluctuation in the non-autonomous model of psychological arousal. An analysis of the dynamics of the sequence of influencing impulses on an official from existing information sources was conducted. An integral index, that determines a thresholding at that the system of informative defense of enterprise answers politicians of informative defense of enterprise at the acceptance of administrative decisions, is got. Conclusions: it was found that the threat of successful destabilizing information influence on management decision making by an official of the enterprise is determined by three parameters: the parameter, which determines the leakage of confidential information, the parameter, which determines the violation of the integrity of information and the parameter, which determines the blocking of access to information. It is noticed that the beginning of the emergence of a sequence of influencing destabilizing information influences on the enterprise determined by the content of the information at the initial moment of time (the effect of suggestion) and occurs over a period of time (lag effect).

Pupillometry Reveals the Role of Arousal in a Postexercise Benefit to Executive Function

A single bout of aerobic exercise improves executive function; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this improvement remains unclear. Here, we employed a 20-min bout of aerobic exercise, and at pre- and immediate post-exercise sessions examined executive function via pro- (i.e., saccade to veridical target location) and anti-saccade (i.e., saccade mirror symmetrical to a target) performance and pupillometry metrics. Notably, tonic and phasic pupillometry responses in oculomotor control provided a framework to determine the degree that arousal and/or executive resource recruitment influence behavior. Results demonstrated a pre- to post-exercise decrease in pro- and anti-saccade reaction times (p = 0.01) concurrent with a decrease and increase in tonic baseline pupil size and task-evoked pupil dilations, respectively (ps < 0.03). Such results demonstrate that an exercise-induced improvement in saccade performance is related to an executive-mediated “shift” in physiological and/or psychological arousal, supported by the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system to optimize task engagement.

Will consumption rebound after the COVID-19 pandemic? A structural equation modeling research based on the psychological arousal theory

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in Wuhan, which quickly became a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the broadest range of infection, and the most difficult to control in the history of modern China. During the outbreak, 1.4 billion Chinese people suspended almost all social activities and stay at home. Although the prevention of the pandemic seems effective, China's consumer economy suffered a heavy blow in the first quarter of 2020. With the COVID-19 outbreak gradually controlled in China, many retail businesses are pinning their hopes on the rebound in consumption after the end of the pandemic. This study discusses the psychological mechanism of the consumption rebound and the possible duration of this rebound with the theory of psychological arousal. Based on the results of structural equation modeling of 1464 Chinese people, this study found that during the COVID-19 outbreak, the perceived severity of the pandemic caused an insufficient level of psychological arousal and lead to a higher tendency of sensation seeking, and this will increase people's willingness to spend after the end of the pandemic. The results revealed that it might lead to a rebound in consumption after the end of the pandemic, but this rebound is concentrated and short-lived. This study suggests that retail businesses need to realize that the rebound in consumption after the end of the pandemic is not due to a sudden increase in social spending power, but because consumers urgently need to restore the normal level of psychological arousal through the sensory stimulation brought by consumption. Therefore, retail businesses should not only pay attention to deal with the rapid rebound in consumption after the end of the pandemic, but also prepare plans for the normalization of consumption after the rebound weakens.

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Interest in Leadership Scale

Interest pertains to an individual’s psychological arousal toward a topic, which is thought to motivate effort allocation and attention. Interest in leadership has been identified as a potential antecedent of leader development; however, supporting empirical evidence has been hindered by the lack of a relevant scale to measure the construct. Study 1 outlines the development of the Interest in Leadership Scale (ILS) using Rasch scale development principles. Study 2 establishes the predictive validity of the ILS with self-rated leadership emergence and transformational leadership behaviors. This measure is likely to prove useful in the future measurement of and research into the topic of interest in leadership.

The potential of online coaching to develop female entrepreneurial self-efficacy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of coaching to develop female entrepreneurship by overcoming potential barriers. It sought to understand how entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be applied to development relationships, through on-line coaching, examining changes in the four key elements of entrepreneurial self-efficacy enactive mastery, vicarious experiences, social persuasion and psychological arousal. The study examines the impact of coaching relationships on female entrepreneurial self-efficacy compared to a control group. The participant group was matched with coaches and undertook a structured six months’ coaching programme. Design/methodology/approach This was a longitudinal study using a mixed methods approach. Questionnaires investigating entrepreneurial self-efficacy were collected at two time points for both the coaching and control group. After the first time point, the coaching group was supported through a six months coaching development programme. At the second time point, questionnaires were again completed by both groups and qualitative data gather via interviews with the coaching group. Findings The findings from this study showed that coaching relationships had a positive impact on coachees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, compared to the control group in terms of enactive mastery, vicarious experience, social persuasion and psychological arousal. This suggests that coaching is a development intervention which can be used to enhance self-efficacy beliefs of female entrepreneurs, thereby increasing their chances of engaging in successful business creation and operation. Research limitations/implications The group size was a problem, with four of the coaching group and ten of the control group dropping out. The coaching participants left the intervention due to personal reasons but no reason could be established for the control group participants leaving the study. The problem of ‘Type II’ was considered and in an attempt to overcome this problem, data were shown at below 10% (p < 0.10). It would also have been useful to collect more qualitative data from the control group. Practical implications An online coaching programme provided by women for women, which is tailored to the individual, can support female entrepreneurs through the difficult stages of start-up and development phases of business development. Creating more successful women owned businesses will not only provide financial benefits, but should help provide additional entrepreneurial networks for women, as well as more positive female role models. Exposure to positive role models has been found to have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This circular affect should in theory keep on increasing, if female entrepreneurs have access to the tailored support provided by coaching programmes such as the one used here. Social implications Considering the current global economic climate, it is increasingly important for women to be supported in small business ownership (Denis, 2012). Countries which actively promote women entering into business ownership will ultimately share the gains in terms of wider issues, i.e. improving education and health, and economic growth (Harding, 2007). If female entrepreneurship is to be encouraged and supported, provision needs to be designed and developed based on female entrepreneurs’ needs and requirements, rather than simply conforming to traditional business support models. Originality/value This study contributes to learning and theoretical debates by providing an understanding of female entrepreneurs' needs with regard to business support and how this can be related to and supported by coaching. It also adds to the literature on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, coaching and learning by providing empirical evidence to illustrate how coaching interventions, including the use of online methods, can have a positive impact on female entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Behavioral Management of Pain: A Case Report

Pain results from complex interplay of biological, psychological & sociocultural factors. There are gamuts of medical and psychosocial factors which cause pain. The advent of technology and inordinate and improper use of computers and its components like key board and mouse are also associated with pain. It has been found both on the basis of research and clinically that software professionals often consult physicians for pain in different site of their body more specifically fingers, upper limbs, neck and forehead. This medical condition is known as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). It might result because of repetitive tasks, mechanical compressions or sustained or awkward positions. The patients of this medical condition often experience inflammation at different sites of body parts which are often involved in using computers. Unhealthy bodily postures are also associated with an issue. Pain is basically a sensory, emotional and subjective experience. High psychological arousal and cognitive set are significant factors which maintain or exacerbate the pain. In this paper, Behavioral management of pain specifically refers to brief cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness based psychological interventions in pain management. The current paper focuses on psychological factors related to pain and presented a case with RSI in holistic pain management and highlights the importance of incorporating biopsychosocial model in pain management for speedy recovery and better quality of life of patient.

Psychological Interventions in Pain Management

Pain is among the most common somatic complaints. Fortunately, in only a minority of people is pain long lasting and severe, such that it interferes with daily life activities. Those with chronic, disabling pain present to healthcare providers repeatedly. Often they experience anxiety and depression, irritation, frustration and helplessness, and they suffer from insomnia and excessive medication use. It results from complex interplay of biological, psychological & sociocultural factors. There are gamut of medical and psychosocial factors which cause pain. Pain is basically a sensory, emotional and subjective experience. High psychological arousal and cognitive set are significant factors which maintain or exacerbate the pain. In this paper, psychological strategies of pain management are being discussed. The major focus being cognitive behavioral interventions. The paper focuses on psychological factors related to pain and the role of professional psychologists in dealing with cases of chronic or other pain related disorders. The paper highlights the importance of incorporating biopsychosocial model in pain management for speedy recovery and better quality of life of pain patient.

Computing the creativeness of amusing advertisements: A Bayesian model of Burma-Shave's muse

How do humans judge the creativeness of an artwork or other artifact? This article suggests that such judgments are based on the pleasures of an aesthetic experience, which can be modeled as a mathematical product of psychological arousal and appraisal. The arousal stems from surprise, and is computed as a marginal entropy using information theory. The appraisal assigns meaning, by which the surprise is resolved, and is computed as a posterior probability using Bayesian theory. This model is tested by obtaining human ratings of surprise, meaning, and creativeness for artifacts in a domain of advertising design. The empirical results show that humans do judge creativeness as a product of surprise and meaning, consistent with the computational model of arousal and appraisal. Implications of the model are discussed with respect to advancing artificial intelligence in the arts as well as improving the computational evaluation of creativity in engineering and design.

Can mobile skin conductance assessments be helpful in signalling imminent inpatient aggression?

Background: A well-known technique to assess (psychological) arousal is to measure the skin conductance level (SCL). Although widely used in experimental psychological research, this technique has not been used often in (locked) psychiatric admission settings on patients who are at a high risk of engaging in aggressive behaviour. One of the obvious reasons for this is that measuring skin conductance, until recently, required a substantial amount of equipment.Methods: As technology developed, it became possible to develop small wearable devices in the form of regular watches to measure the SCL as well as other psycho-physiological parameters. To illustrate the potential this may have for the prevention of aggressive behaviour, a case description is provided of a patient in crisis who became physically aggressive while wearing a skin conductance measurement device.Results: Interestingly, the SCL of the patient had been rising sharply before the first signs of aggressive behaviour were visible.Conclusion: Although it concerns an anecdotal case study, this finding suggests that measuring SCL on a continuous basis in patients who are at a high risk of becoming violent, without this procedure having to interfere with their daily life, may open new avenues for preventing aggression at an earlier stage. A large-scale empirical study in a substantial number of (potentially aggressive) patients is needed, however, to investigate the predictive validity of mobile skin conductance assessments on imminent inpatient aggression in a reliable way.