A narrative review exploring the professional practice training requirement of therapeutic radiographers undertaking effective remote/telephone review clinics in place of face-to-face radiographer-led review clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the introduction of alternative on-treatment and post-treatment radiographer-led review clinics in an attempt to protect patients, staff and the public. Pre-COVID, patient reviews were routinely undertaken face-to-face, led by therapeutic review radiographers with advanced practice qualifications and skills in radiotherapy symptom management, triage, referral and support services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an alternative option has been to follow-up in the form of telephone reviews to reduce face-to-face exposure whilst continuing to manage patient radiotherapy treatment-related toxicities. The aim of the narrative review is to explore the subject of telephone reviews and how therapeutic review radiographers might need to adapt communication skills so that they can continue to effectively assess and manage radiotherapy patient treatment reactions remotely. Method and discussion: A narrative review was conducted using the SCOPUS database and 28 publications were included from 2013 to 2021. The review highlights a paucity of literature exploring specific telephone training for radiographers and other allied healthcare professionals. Experiences within medical and nursing programmes demonstrate that development and integration of training in this area is critical in preparing for patient interaction via telephone. Conclusion and implications for practice: Multiple teaching modalities including simulation are ideal for teaching telephone-specific skills and content, demonstrating improvement in student knowledge, competence and confidence. Less is known regarding whether this knowledge translates to an improved patient experience. Enhancements in education and training, guided by the Health and Care Professions Council, may be warranted to ensure that patients continue to receive the optimal quality of care in a world where remote reviews are likely to become commonplace. Patient-reported outcome measures might be utilized for future training evaluations to ensure that effective patient care is being maintained.

Training Evaluation Models for Skill-Based E-learning System: A Systematic Literature Review

Training evaluation can be defined as a way of measuring how well users learn and adapt to a system or software. Various methods have been developed to carry out training evaluations of systems or software over the past few decades. A systematic literature review report on the assessment training model was conducted to give different views on the usability aspects of the proposed approach. This study provides a current systematic review of training evaluation on skill-based system or software. The particular purpose of the review is to explore the research as preliminary step that helps in choosing the right type of training evaluation model for skill-based E-learning system or software. There is a lack of appropriate models available through the specific gaps in literature and finding especially for skill-based E-learning system evaluation.

Do Impulsivity and Education Moderate the Effectiveness of Police Sexual Assault Investigations Training? Findings From a Solomon Four-Group Quasi-Experiment

Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of sexual assault investigations training using experimental designs. Existing studies have not examined the impact of officers’ levels of impulsivity and education on training effectiveness. Using a Solomon four-group quasi-experimental design to assess pretesting effects, we examined the impact of training, impulsivity, and education on officers’ ( N = 432) adherence to rape myths and knowledge of victim reporting behaviors. Ordinary least squares (OLS) models were estimated to examine main effects of training, and moderating effects of impulsivity and education on training for our outcome variables. Results demonstrated that training, impulsivity, and education predicted improvements in attitudinal and cognitive outcomes. However, neither impulsivity nor education moderated—or changed—the effectiveness of training. In addition, training effects held over time, and we did not detect evidence of pretesting effects. Findings from this study improve our understanding of police sexual assault investigations training and provide methodological advancements for police training evaluations.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Pain Training for Respite Workers Supporting Children With Disabilities Part Two: Training Evaluations and the Impact of Training on Knowledge Application

Within a parallel-group randomized control trial, pain training's impact on Respite Workers' (RW) care approaches and training evaluations was explored. RW (n = 158) from 14 organizations received pain or control training following randomization. Researchers were blind until randomization; allocations were not shared explicitly with organizations/participants. Participants completed a strategy use questionnaire immediately before and an evaluation immediately after training completion. Four-to-6 weeks later, participants completed the strategy use questionnaire and semistructured focus groups. No differences in pain approaches were noted in strategy use questionnaires. Per focus groups, both groups acquired a “knowing” about pain and applied pain-related care approaches in similarly. Pain training participants identified need for “growing and strengthening” pain knowledge. Training endorsements were favorable. RW pain training has value and may impact practice.

Intense and unpredictable perturbations during gait training improve dynamic balance abilities in chronic hemiparetic individuals: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Background: Previous studies have assessed the effects of perturbation training on balance after stroke. However, the perturbations were either applied while standing or were small in amplitude during gait, which is not representative of the most common fall conditions. The perturbations were also combined with other challenges such as progressive increases in treadmill speed. Objective: To determine the benefit of treadmill training with intense and unpredictable perturbations compared to treadmill walking-only training for dynamic balance and gait post-stroke. Methods: Twenty-one individuals post-stroke with reduced dynamic balance abilities, with or without a history of fall and ability to walk on a treadmill without external support or a walking aid for at least 1 minute were allocated to either an unpredictable gait perturbation (Perturb) group or a walking-only (NonPerturb) group through covariate adaptive randomization. Nine training sessions were conducted over three weeks. NonPerturb participants only walked on the treadmill but were offered perturbation training after the control intervention. Pre- and post-training evaluations included balance and gait abilities, maximal knee strength, balance confidence and community integration. Six-week phone follow-ups were conducted for balance confidence and community integration. Satisfaction with perturbation training was also assessed. Results: With no baseline differences between groups (p>0.075), perturbation training yielded large improvements in most variables in the Perturb (p<0.05, Effect Size: ES>.46) group (n=10) and the NonPerturb (p≤.089, ES>.45) group (n=7 post-crossing), except for maximal strength (p>.23) in the NonPerturb group. Walking-only training in the NonPerturb group (n=8, pre-crossing) mostly had no effect (p>.292, ES<.26), except on balance confidence (p=.063, ES=.46). The effects of the gait training were still present on balance confidence and community integration at follow-up. Satisfaction with the training program was high. Conclusion: Intense and unpredictable gait perturbations have the potential to be an efficient component of training to improve balance abilities and community integration in individuals with chronic stroke. Retrospective registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. March 18th, 2020. Identifier: NCT04314830 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04314830?term=NCT04314830&draw=2&rank=1).

Evaluasi Program Pelatihan Guru di Pusdiklat Tenaga Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate the Teacher Training Program at Training Center for Education and Religious Technical Personnell. The basic problem is that there is no post-training evaluation as an integral part of the evaluation of training implementation. The evaluation model used in this study is the Kirkpatrick evaluation model which is reaction level, learning level, behavior level and result level to get a more comprehensive picture of the Teacher Training Program. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data was conduct using questionnaire, interview, and document studies. The results of this study indicate that on reaction level, based on the results of the achievement analysis are in the high category, learning level of the program which are also in the high category, behavior level are in the high category, however result level of the program are in the moderate category. The findings of the evaluation of this result prove the importance of the training center conducting post-training evaluations to determine the impact of the training on the performance of participants and educational institutions. This research can be used as input for the Training Center to be consistent in evaluating both during training and after training as stated in Kirkpatrick's theory.

Intense and unpredictable perturbations during gait training improve dynamic balance abilities in chronic hemiparetic individuals: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Background: Previous studies have assessed the effects of perturbation training on balance after stroke. However, the perturbations were either applied while standing or were small in amplitude during gait, which is not representative of the most common fall conditions. The perturbations were also combined with other challenges such as progressive increases in treadmill speed. Objective: To determine the benefit of treadmill training with intense and unpredictable perturbations compared to treadmill walking-only training for dynamic balance and gait post-stroke. Methods: Twenty-one stroke individuals with reduced dynamic balance abilities, with or without a history of fall and ability to walk on a treadmill without external support or a walking aid for at least 1 minute were allocated to either an unpredictable gait perturbation (Perturb) group or a walking-only (NonPerturb) group through covariate adaptive randomization. Nine training sessions were conducted over three weeks. NonPerturb participants only walked on the treadmill but were offered perturbation training after the control intervention. Pre- and post-training evaluations included balance and gait abilities, maximal knee strength, balance confidence and community integration. Six-week phone follow-ups were conducted for balance confidence and community integration. Satisfaction with perturbation training was also assessed. Results: With no baseline differences between groups (p>0.075), perturbation training yielded large improvements in most variables in the Perturb (p<0.05, Effect Size: ES>.46) group (n=10) and the NonPerturb (p≤.089, ES>.45) group (n=7 post-crossing), except for maximal strength (p>.23) in the NonPerturb group. Walking-only training in the NonPerturb group (n=8, pre-crossing) mostly had no effect (p>.292, ES<.26), except on balance confidence (p=.063, ES=.46). The effects of the gait training were still present on balance confidence and community integration at follow-up. Satisfaction with the training program was high. Conclusion: Intense and unpredictable gait perturbations have the potential to be an efficient component of training to improve balance abilities and community integration in chronic stroke individuals. Retrospective registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. March 18th, 2020. Identifier: NCT04314830 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04314830?term=NCT04314830&draw=2&rank=1).

EVALUATING AN INNOVATIVE USE OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY FUNDS: THE MA SUPPORTIVE PLANNING AND OPERATIONS TEAM (SPOT)

The Office of the Inspector General reported in 2014, that one in three NH residents experienced an adverse event within 35 days of admissions causing lasting or temporary harm. Thus, state departments of public health (DPH) were implored to invest in improving NH quality and safety. Using Civil Monetary Penalty funds, the Massachusetts DPH, developed the SPOT Initiative to innovatively provide NH teams with technical assistance and training to enhance their federally required Quality Assurance & Performance Improvement (QAPI) programs. Selection criteria included NH Compare 5-Star and MA scorecard ratings and geographic spread. To assess program effectiveness, the SPOT Team collected a range of data in each of the three SPOT years (e.g., QAPI assessments, leadership interviews and surveys, and training evaluations). Results demonstrated the success of the Initiative. Assessment data indicated an increase in QAPI readiness in each subsequent year overall and within of the each QAPI assessment domains (Design and Scope; Governance and Leadership; Feedback, Data Systems, and Monitoring/Systematic Analysis; Performance Improvement Projects and Systematic Analysis/Systemic Action). In Year 1, the overall data collected from the assessments demonstrated that 78% of the NHs that engaged with SPOT had “Not Started” or “Just Started” (1.8/5) implementation of the key QAPI measures. By Year 3, only 13% of NH teams rated themselves in these initial categories, whereas, 57% rated themselves as “Almost There” or “Doing Great” (3.92/5). Further, feedback from most SPOT NH teams was extremely positive as evidenced by high evaluation rankings following initiative learning sessions.