From land inventory to their certification (views of L. G. Ramenskii and their development in the USSR)

The article is devoted to one of the activities of the outstanding domestic ecologist Leonty Grigorievich Ramen-skii. In the 1930s, Ramenskii began to develop theoretical and practical issues of lands typology. In essence, the concept of the land’s typology by Ramenskii does not differ from the classification of biotopes, which began to be developed in European countries about 30 years ago under such projects as CORINE, Palaearctic Habitats, EUNIS. Only their results use differs. The lands typology is intended for the economic exploitation of biotopes, and their classification in the CORINE, Palaearctic Habitats, EUNIS projects for their protection. Ramenskii creat-ed a new direction of ecology, namely, the typology of lands, or in other words, the science of the typology of biotopes. Academician V. R. Williams was a strong opponent of the development of this direction of science in the USSR. Detailed characterization of biotopes was accompanied by their mapping. This characteristic was called land certification. Large areas of vacant land appeared in the first half of the 1940s in the North Caucasus and Kalmykia. There was an urgent need for certification of these lands. Ramenskii prepared instructions for carrying out certification. Similar instructions were reprinted several times in the future. In accordance with these instructions, it is necessary to carry out mapping of lands during their certification on a scale of 1 : 10000–1 : 25000 for agricultural areas and 1 : 25000–1 : 50000 for desert, semi-desert and mountainous areas. The author believed that this was nothing more than a mapping of biotopes, designed for their agricultural exploita-tion. Since the late 1950s, the certification of natural forage lands began to be carried out everywhere throughout the Soviet Union. The instructions indicated that re-survey of hayfields and pastures should be carried out, as a rule, every 15 years, and in areas of intensive use after 10 years. In Russia, large-scale mapping of natural hay-field and pasture biotopes ceased in the early 1990s with the transition to market forms of farming. In Western Europe, large-scale biotope mapping began 30-40 years later than in the Soviet Union.

Methodology of Application of Modern Technologies in Land Inventory of Territorial Communities

The article defines that the land inventory allows to form land plots of state and communal property, to fill the State Land Cadastre with information about objects and subjects of land relations and to eliminate existing errors. The aim of the article is to improve the procedure of conducting the land inventory in Ukraine, taking into account modern technologies within the current regulatory framework. The methodology of land inventory using modern technologies has been developed, which includes the following components: surveying of the inventory object, topographic and geodetic works, vectorization of its territory using remote sensing data, project works, creation of a consolidated inventory plan, development of technical documentation, its state expertise, adjustment and approval, entering data into the State Land Cadastre. It is established that an effective method of implementation of topographic and geodetic works during updating of the cartographic materials is a combined method, which includes the use of aerial images with simultaneous geodetic surveying of complex areas. The use of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data is allowed to optimize the duration and frequency of land inventory. In particular, the classification of land should be performed in the attribute tables. Ways to solve problems of protection and rational use of the lands of the inventory object have been developed. They include registration of land plots without cadastral numbers; control of compliance of land and environmental legislation, taking into account the results of land inventory for updating statistical cadastral information and making changes of the State Land Cadastre data.

Considering the Value of "Marginal" Agricultural Lands : Planning Analysis of Agricultural Resource Land Protection in Ontario

Agricultural land resources are an essential element required to sustain agricultural production. While the Province of Ontario has implemented policies that aim to protect these lands from other types of development, this finite resource continues to diminish as the demand for food continues to grow. At this time the Province is undertaking a review of existing policies related to matters of provincial interest, including agriculture and therefore presents an important opportunity to re-evaluate the policies, in particular as it relates to what lands qualify as prime agricultural land worthy of protection. Historical and emerging agricultural practices have demonstrated that Canada Land Inventory (CLI) Class 4 soils can be productive. The report examines the potential merit of expanding the existing defining criteria of prime agricultural land from just CLI Class 1, 2, and 3 soils to also include CLI Class 4 and attempts to demonstrate the impact this would have on agricultural land use planning in Ontario. To help demonstrate a site specific evaluation of a portion of Peterborough County has been conducted to provide a visual representation.

Considering the Value of "Marginal" Agricultural Lands : Planning Analysis of Agricultural Resource Land Protection in Ontario

Agricultural land resources are an essential element required to sustain agricultural production. While the Province of Ontario has implemented policies that aim to protect these lands from other types of development, this finite resource continues to diminish as the demand for food continues to grow. At this time the Province is undertaking a review of existing policies related to matters of provincial interest, including agriculture and therefore presents an important opportunity to re-evaluate the policies, in particular as it relates to what lands qualify as prime agricultural land worthy of protection. Historical and emerging agricultural practices have demonstrated that Canada Land Inventory (CLI) Class 4 soils can be productive. The report examines the potential merit of expanding the existing defining criteria of prime agricultural land from just CLI Class 1, 2, and 3 soils to also include CLI Class 4 and attempts to demonstrate the impact this would have on agricultural land use planning in Ontario. To help demonstrate a site specific evaluation of a portion of Peterborough County has been conducted to provide a visual representation.

Parallelization of Finding the Current Coordinates of the Lidar Based on the Genetic Algorithm and OpenMP Technology

The problem of determining the position of the lidar with optimal accuracy is relevant in various fields of application. This is an important task of robotics that is widely used as a model when planning the route of vehicles, flight control systems, navigation systems, machine learning, and managing economic efficiency, a study of land degradation processes, planning and control of agricultural production stages, land inventory to evaluations of the consequences of various environmental impacts. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the proposed parallelization algorithm for solving the problem of determining the current position of the lidar. To optimize the computing process in order to accelerate and have the possibility of obtaining a real-time result, the OpenMP parallel computing technology is used. It is also possible to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the successive variant. A number of numerical experiments on the multi-core architecture of modern computers have been carried out. As a result, it was possible to accelerate the computing process about eight times and achieve an efficiency of 0.97. It is shown that a special difference in time of execution of a sequential and parallel algorithm manages to increase the number of measurements of lidar and iterations, which is relevant in simulating various problems of robotics. The obtained results can be substantially improved by selecting a computing system where the number of cores is more than eight. The main areas of application of the developed method are described, its shortcomings and prospects for further research are provided.

Land inventory of territorial communities as a key element of effective land management

The main resource of OTG is land and the most effective management of this resource provides an opportunity to fill the local budget, develop the community, carry out error-free and as clear as possible land management, complying with current legislation while taking into account the interests of the community. It also provides transparency in land management, which increases public confidence in local authorities. If as of today OTG is not provided with complete and up-to-date information on the condition, qualitative and quantitative indicators of community land resources. This does not meet the challenges of today. The lack of an updated cartographic basis and land inventory causes: inability to carry out the process of strategic planning of settlements and communities in general, inability to attract investment, low investment attractiveness of the territory, inability to manage land resources in full, inability to meet the needs of the population. OTG land inventory will allow for a full audit of land resources, and will develop community infrastructure, increase investment attractiveness, will identify all problems that have arisen regarding the management of the community.

Significance of drones in monitoring of agricultural lands of Uzbekistan

Software of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has been widely used for land evaluation and detection of changes in land area. Using GIS it is possible now to combine different environmental, social, economic data, which in turn leads to lower costs and allows collecting and processing a variety of data with the exact calculation of the required results necessary for land use. Therefore, research has been focused on remotely controlled devices. The research has been conducted to simplify the land record keeping (land inventory) system and to improve land monitoring methods using remote-controlled devices. As a result, economic efficiency and productivity have been increased.

Land inventory as a prerequisite for effective land resource management

This article discusses the issue of land inventory. It is noted that land inventory is one of the main means of ensuring effective land management. In addition, the problems that can be solved by land inventory for the effective management of land resources are demonstrated. It is stated that land inventory is a certain tool for land policy through land monitoring, which allows to identify inconsistencies in land use and land condition. It was revealed that the main purpose of the inventory is to create an information basis for maintaining the state land cadastre, control over land use and registration of land plots. It is considered that the clarification of the legislative regulation of land inventory will contribute to the quality of state management of land resources of Ukraine. The article explored two objects. The current state of use of their lands is analyzed. As a result, ways to solve the problems that exist in the use of land of the State Enterprise «Experimental Farm «Victory» Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine» and the Experimental Station of Tobacco of the National Research Center «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine».