الأنماط الاستهلاكية للألبان و منتجاتها في ولاية الخرطوم

الأنماط الاستهلاكية للألبان و منتجاتها في ولاية الخرطوم This research aimed at identifying the different consumption trends of the Sudanese individual in regard to fresh milk and dairy products. It also aimed at making use of studying the behavioral consumption in the marketing field and to set a future prospectus to accomplish development and quality in dairy marketing in Sudan. To achieve such aims a number of hypothesis were tested through analysis of data collected from families in Khartoum state different statistical methods were implemented. Several results were concluded, of which are: 1 .Fresh milk has high acceptance among Sudanese consumers. 2. The consumer has low trust in the quality of fresh milk sold by roaming sellers. 3. The Sudanese consumer has low nutritional and health awareness about the value of dairy products (other than white cheese & yogurt). The study was concluded with several recommendations, of which are: 1. Adapting modem marketing concepts by giving more attention to consumer needs and demands and benefiting from Sudanese consumers' general food culture in the marketing procedure. 2 . Performing marketing research on consumption patterns and habits of the Sudanese individual to benefit out of them in dairy marketing

Disposal Pattern of Vegetables in District Varanasi

To analyze the disposal pattern of vegetables in district Varanasi, a purposive cum random sampling technique was used for the selection of district, blocks, villages and the respondents. From the study it is concluded that total disposal of cauliflower was 38.85 quintals, of tomato was 140.22 quintals, brinjal was 38.85 quintals and pea was 11.84 quintals. Maximum disposal of all the selected vegetables was found maximum through the channel III in case of both marginal and small farms. It shows the efficient involvement of the intermediaries in the marketing procedure.

Analysis of Price Risk Management Strategies in Dairy Farming Using Whole-Farm Simulations

Combinations of futures and options contracts on milk and feed were simulated to determine their influence on a representative dairy farm's ability to meet cash flow requirements and reduce the variance of net income. Compared with the reference scenario of selling milk and procuring inputs on a monthly cash basis, the risk management activities did not result in a significant change in either the level or variance of net farm income. The results suggest that on average the current marketing procedure of monthly cash milk pricing and monthly feed purchases (and pricing) produces a strong built-in natural hedge for dairy farmers.

Marketing the Sport Psychologist

There is a significant need for identifying marketing techniques and strategies to enhance the career opportunities of the sport psychologist. Unfortunately, few sport psychologists have the entrepreneurial skills needed to reach alternative target markets. Professional service marketing can help the sport psychologist identify and develop strategies for employment and career opportunities. This paper examines current issues concerning the sport psychology profession, the role of marketing in professional service organizations, and a six-step marketing procedure for creating a professional marketing plan for the sport psychologist. The six steps of the marketing process include (a) situational analysis, (b) identification of service availability, (c) market assessment, (d) identification of decision-making roles, (e) marketing plan, and (f) evaluation process.

The behaviour of calves at market

ABSTRACTA study was made of the behaviour of young calves at two Scottish auction markets, Lanark and Stirling, and an experiment was conducted to assess the effect of an auction market on the behaviour of calves less than 1 week old.Several features of the marketing procedure were identified as causing the calves distress, mainly because the calves were unable to lie down and rest. Crowding of calves in the pens, movement to different pens, and penning of very young calves with older calves were the three main reasons why calves could not rest. The older calves (approx. > 10 weeks) were more active, running and jumping around the pens and disturbing the very young animals which stood up in response to being trodden on.Crowding was severe in some pens although there was no clear evidence to show that small groups of calves (6 to 10 calves) in small pens rested more than calves in large groups (20 to 50 calves) in larger pens.Calves showed their distress initially by calling loudly, looking wildly around their new environment and sometimes by running around the pen and calling. As time passed behavioural signs of distress were less prominent and calves assumed a ‘depressed’ posture with their heads low, ears held back, tails clamped down and with their weight distributed more on their hindlegs than on their forelegs.Calves subjected to an experimental market showed similar signs of distress to those calves in the real markets, whereas control calves rested for more than 0·74 of the same time. Experimental calves which were subjected to a journey of 2.5 h were less easily disturbed from the lying posture at the experimental market than calves which had undergone a journey of 15 min only.

Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge in the Gothenburg Region, Sweden

It has proved to be hard to find an adequate and sufficiently large site for final disposal of wastes in the urbanized Gothenburg Region. The reasons are both the actual situation and the public opinion. So efforts have been made and money spent in order to convert the undigested sewage sludge into products which are appropriate for beneficial purposes. After unsuccessful attempts with thermal treatment the Gothenburg Regional Sewerage Company - GRYAAB - has chosen to produce two different sludge products, compost and lime treated sludge. In order to demonstrate that the products are useful several tests have been carried out. The studies should, however, not be regarded as scientific agricultural and horticultural work, but as one part of the marketing procedure of the products.

Farmers' Response to the Commodity Credit Corporation's Loan Program

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), established by Executive Order in 1933 and granted a federal charter in 1948, is authorized to extend nonrecourse loans to farmers who use agricultural commodities from the most recent harvest as collateral. The loan program was designed to foster a more orderly marketing procedure and stabilize agricultural prices and income, but farmers also use this program as both a residual market and a speculation and marketing aid. The amount loaned to a farmer equals the quantity of the commodity pledged as collateral times a fixed per unit value (loan rate) which is announced prior to the production period. Eligibility of a farmer for a CCC loan may require compliance with USDA allotment or set-aside programs and storage of the commodity in a CCC approved facility. The CCC's commodity demand via the loan program is perfectly elastic at the loan rate and farmers can supply as much as they desire. When the loan matures the farmer can either repay it with interest or default on both principal and interest, in which case the CCC assumes ownership of the pledged commodity.