Farmers' Response to the Commodity Credit Corporation's Loan Program

The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), established by Executive Order in 1933 and granted a federal charter in 1948, is authorized to extend nonrecourse loans to farmers who use agricultural commodities from the most recent harvest as collateral. The loan program was designed to foster a more orderly marketing procedure and stabilize agricultural prices and income, but farmers also use this program as both a residual market and a speculation and marketing aid. The amount loaned to a farmer equals the quantity of the commodity pledged as collateral times a fixed per unit value (loan rate) which is announced prior to the production period. Eligibility of a farmer for a CCC loan may require compliance with USDA allotment or set-aside programs and storage of the commodity in a CCC approved facility. The CCC's commodity demand via the loan program is perfectly elastic at the loan rate and farmers can supply as much as they desire. When the loan matures the farmer can either repay it with interest or default on both principal and interest, in which case the CCC assumes ownership of the pledged commodity.

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Quality of quail eggs at different times of storage

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1089-6891v15i424107 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 409-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rafael Carlos Nepomuceno ◽

Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽

Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas ◽

Carlos Eduardo Braga Cruz ◽

Maria Simone Mendes Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Average Weight ◽

Unit Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lower Variation ◽

Storage Times ◽

And Storage ◽

Haugh Unit

A trial was conducted to evaluate quality of quail eggs from two companies (A and B) at two storage times (5 and 15 days after packing). A total of 480 eggs were kept at room temperature and distributed in a completely randomized design in 2x2factorial arrangement (companies and storage time). The results indicated that trays from company B presented higher weight, as well as mean egg weight. However, the eggs in trays from company A showed greater uniformity. Evaluating the external quality, we found that above 90% of eggshell were considered with total integrity, and no difference for this characteristic between companies was found. The eggs from company A presented lower average weight in comparison to those from company B, regarding storage time. No differences were observed between eggs from companies A and B for Haugh unit value. Storage time of 15 days after packing promoted reduction in Haugh unit value in comparison to those stored for 5 days. Quail eggs from company A presented lower variation in weight, although heavier eggs are produced by company B. Internal quality of quail eggs from both companies was similar. Storage time affected eggs quality.

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Influence of Dayak Onion Extract Concentration (Eleutherine palmi folia (L.) Merr) and Length Storage on Weight Decrease, Haugh Unit, and Albumen pH of Duck Egg

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.32734/injar.v2i3.2050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 147-155

Author(s):

Aam Gunawan ◽

Muhammad Irwan Zakir ◽

Siti Dharmawati ◽

Muhammad Rasyidi

Keyword(s):

Egg Weight ◽

Onion Extract ◽

Unit Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Duck Egg ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Weight Decrease ◽

And Storage ◽

Haugh Unit

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of immersion on dayak onion extract and storage time and the interaction of these two factors on decreasing of egg weight, haugh unit value and albumen pH of duck egg. The study used a completely randomized design of factorial pattern 4 x 4 with 4 replications. The treatment is as follows: The first factor is the concentration of onion dayak extract (A), consisting of: A0 = Eggs storage placed at room temperature; A1 = 10% concentrated of dayak onion extract; A2 = 20% concentrated of dayak onion extract; A3 = 30% concentrated of dayak onion extract; The second factor is the length of storage (B) consists of: B0 = 7 days. B1 = 14 days. B2 = 21 days. And B3 = 28 days. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Tukey Test. The results showed that the concentration of dayak onion extract did not affect the reduction in egg weight, but did affect the haugh unit and albumen pH. Egg weight reduction ranged from 0.92-1.02. Haugh unit and pH of albumen at 10% and 30% concentration of dayak onion extract did not differ, while the 0% concentration differed from all other treatments. Interaction effects between concentration of dayak onion extract and length storage were also significant for egg weight loss, Haugh unit, and pH of albumen. It is recommended that for preserving duck eggs, it is better to use a concentration of 30% onion extract.

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An Overview of Digital Image Processing and Recognition (Invited Paper)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055837 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 700-702

Author(s):

R. C. Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

New York ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Submarine Cable ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Digitized Pictures ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

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Control of Secretory Production in the Isopod Hepatopancreas

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094085 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

John W. Roberts ◽

E. R. Witkus

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Secretory Product ◽

Secretory Function ◽

Secretory Material ◽

Blind Ending ◽

Secretory Production ◽

Regenerative Cells ◽

Immature Cells ◽

And Storage

The isopod hepatopancreas, as exemplified by Oniscus ascellus. is comprised of four blind-ending diverticula. The regenerative cells at the tip of each diverticula differentiate into either club-shaped B-cells, which serve a secretory function, or into conoid S-cells, which serve in the absorption and storage of nutrients.The glandular B-cells begin producing secretory material with the development of rough endoplasmic reticulum during their process of maturation from the undifferentiated regenerative cells. Cytochemical and morphological data indicate that the hepatopancreas sequentially produces two types of secretory material within the large club-shaped cells. The production of the carbohydrate-like secretory product in immature cells seems to be phased out as the production of the osmiophilic secretion was phased in as the cell matured.

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Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013482x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

J. M. Paque ◽

R. Browning ◽

P. L. King ◽

P. Pianetta

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Bulk Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Analytical Description ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Geological Samples ◽

X Ray ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

And Storage ◽

Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

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Use of backscattered electron image intensity signals to calculate the water/cement ratio of concrete

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122186 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 356-357

Author(s):

R. J. Lee ◽

A. J. Schwoeble ◽

Yuan Jie

Keyword(s):

Reliable Data ◽

X Ray ◽

Rapid Measurement ◽

Trained Personnel ◽

Electron Image ◽

Backscattered Electron ◽

Production Period ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Automated Procedures ◽

Standard Density

Water/Cement (W/C) ratio is a very important parameter affecting the strength and durability of concrete. At the present time, there are no ASTM methods for determining W/C ratio of concrete structures after the production period. Existing techniques involving thin section standard density comparative associations using light optical microscopy and rely on visual comparisons using standards and require highly trained personnel to produce reliable data. This has led to the exploration of other methods utilizing automated procedures which can offer a precise and rapid measurement of W/C ratio. This paper discusses methods of determining W/C ratio using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) backscattered electron image (BEI) intensity signal and x-ray computer tomography.

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