Toward Computer Aided Visual Analogy Support (CAVAS): Augment Designers Through Deep Learning

The goal of this research is to develop a computer-aided visual analogy support (CAVAS) framework that can augment designers’ visual analogical thinking by providing relevant visual cues or sketches from a variety of categories and stimulating the designer to make more and better visual analogies at the ideation stage of design. The challenges of this research include what roles a computer tool should play in facilitating visual analogy of designers, what the relevant and meaningful visual analogies are at the sketching stage of design, and how the computer can capture such meaningful visual knowledge from various categories through analyzing the sketches drawn by the designers. A visual analogy support framework and a deep clustering model, called Cavas-DL, are proposed to learn a latent space of sketches that can reveal the shape patterns for multiple categories of sketches and at the same time cluster the sketches to preserve and provide category information as part of visual cues. The latent space learned serves as a visual information representation that captures the learned shape features from multiple sketch categories. The distance- and overlap-based similarities are introduced and analyzed to identify long- and short-distance analogies. Extensive evaluations of the performance of our proposed methods are carried out with different configurations, and the visual presentations of the potential analogical cues are explored. The evaluation results and the visual organizations of information have demonstrated the potential of the usefulness of the Cavas-DL model.

Penerimaan Pengguna Instagram terhadap Analogi Visual Seksualitas dengan Makanan oleh Influencer Instagram

This research focuses on the acceptance of Instagram users to the visual analogy of sexualitywith food by Instagram influencers when delivering sex education material that is stillconsidered taboo in Indonesia. By using a qualitative approach and a type of descriptiveresearch, this research focuses on the meaning received by the nine informants who haveparticipated. The research method used is Reception Analysis with in-depth interviews as datacollection technique. The literature review used is a visual analogy to explain the taboo aboutsexuality, sexuality in Indonesia, problems of formal sex education, symbolic construction ofsexuality in traditional media, and sexuality content that appears on Instagram social media.The findings of this study indicate that the informants interpret the visual analogy of sexualitybased on the concept of heteronormativity in everyday life. Then, stereotypes about sexualitythat develop in the community also become a reference when they answer questions. Theperception of the state of Indonesia as homophobic and transphobic country, but when facedwith a visual analogy in the form of food, the informants did not object to the existence ofLGBT groups or to the concept of homosexuality

An Unsupervised Deep Learning Model to Discover Visual Similarity Between Sketches for Visual Analogy Support

Visual analogy has been recognized as an important cognitive process in engineering design. Human free-hand sketches provide a useful data source for facilitating visual analogy. Although there has been research on the roles of sketching and the impact of visual analogy in design, little work has been done aiming to develop computational tools and methods to support visual analogy from sketches. In this paper, we propose a computational method to discover visual similarity between sketches, considering the following practical application: Given a sketch drawn by a designer that reflects the designer’s rough idea in mind, our goal is to identify the shape similar sketches that can stimulate the designer to make more and better visual analogies. The first challenge in doing so is how to discover the similar shape features embedded in sketches from various categories. To address this challenge, we propose a deep clustering model to learn a latent space which can reveal underlying shape features for multiple categories of sketches and cluster sketches simultaneously. An extensive evaluation of the clustering performance of our proposed method has been carried out in different configurations. The results have shown that the proposed method can discover sketches that have similar appearance, provide useful explanations of the visual relationship between different sketch categories, and has the potential to generate visual stimuli to enhance designers’ visual imageries.

LA AUTONOMÍA DEL GUION CINEMATOGRÁFICO COMO GÉNERO LITERARIO. LA GENIALIDAD CREATIVA DE BUÑUEL Y JULIO ALEJANDRO EN VIRIDIANA (1961)

Resumen: El guion cinematográfico no constituye un simple instrumentopara la realización final del film, sino que requiere ser estudiado como untexto artístico y como un género literario en sí mismo en tanto que poseeunas características retóricas, estéticas y poéticas que son expresadas através del lenguaje cinematográfico. En el guion cinematográfico deViridiana (1961), Luis Buñuel y Julio Alejandro explotan los recursosretóricos, poéticos y estéticos del texto guionístico para construir laanalogía visual y los significados metafóricos y simbólicos en la estructuranarrativa de su película. Abstract: The screenplay is not a simple instrument for the final realizationof the film, but it needs to be studied as an artistic text and as a literarygenre due to that possesses a rhetorical, aesthetic and poetic characteristicsthat are expressed through the cinematographic language. In the script ofViridiana (1961), Luis Buñuel and Julio Alejandro use the rhetorical, poeticand aesthetic resources of the screenwriting text to construct the visual analogy and the metaphorical and symbolic meanings in the narrative structure of their film.

Prologue (and Epilogue)

This chapter provides an overview of Mario Bava's film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino) in 1964. It mentions critics and commentators of the Blood and Black Lace movie who were spellbound by its fascinating visual analogy that links the opening and final images. It also looks into analyzations of the film that proposes the most disparate interpretations. The chapter discusses Bava's demystifying explanation of his movie in an interview published in 1979, just one year before his death. It talks about the significance of the opening scene of Blood and Black Lace and interprets the connection between the signboard swinging at the beginning, during a rainstorm, and the telephone falling on the ground.

Visual analogies, not graphs, increase patients' comprehension of changes in their health status

Objectives Patients increasingly use patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to self-monitor their health status. Visualizing PROs longitudinally (over time) could help patients interpret and contextualize their PROs. The study sought to assess hospitalized patients' objective comprehension (primary outcome) of text-only, non-graph, and graph visualizations that display longitudinal PROs. Materials and Methods We conducted a clinical research study in 40 hospitalized patients comparing 4 visualization conditions: (1) text-only, (2) text plus visual analogy, (3) text plus number line, and (4) text plus line graph. Each participant viewed every condition, and we used counterbalancing (systematic randomization) to control for potential order effects. We assessed objective comprehension using the International Organization for Standardization protocol. Secondary outcomes included response times, preferences, risk perceptions, and behavioral intentions. Results Overall, 63% correctly comprehended the text-only condition and 60% comprehended the line graph condition, compared with 83% for the visual analogy and 70% for the number line (P = .05) conditions. Participants comprehended the visual analogy significantly better than the text-only (P = .02) and line graph (P = .02) conditions. Of participants who comprehended at least 1 condition, 14% preferred a condition that they did not comprehend. Low comprehension was associated with worse cognition (P < .001), lower education level (P = .02), and fewer financial resources (P = .03). Conclusions The results support using visual analogies rather than text to display longitudinal PROs but caution against relying on graphs, which is consistent with the known high prevalence of inadequate graph literacy. The discrepancies between comprehension and preferences suggest factors other than comprehension influence preferences, and that future researchers should assess comprehension rather than preferences to guide presentation decisions.