Penanggulangan Stanting Melalui Peningkatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dengan Sosialisasi Dan Edukasi Pola Hidup Sehat Di Lombok Barat

AbstrakStunting merupakan kondisi pertumbuhan anak yang tidak sesuai umurnya karena tidak mendapatkan asupan gizi dalam jumlah tepat dalam waktu yang lama. Kabupaten Lombok Barat merupakan salah satu daerah dengan prevalensi stunting yang tinggi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang melibatkan mahasiswa Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Muhammadiyah Aisyiah (KKN MAS) di Kabupaten Lombok Barat ini bertujuan untuk:1) meningkatkan keterampilan mahasiswa sebagai sasaran antara yang strategis dalam meningkatkan partispasi masyarakat melalui sosialisasi dan edukasi pola hidup sehat; 2) melibatkan mahasiswa dalam peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penanggulangan stunting di Kabupaten Lombok Barat; 3) mengembangakan pola pemberdayaan kolaboratif melalui pendampingan dalam transfer ipteks secara luas; 4) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penanggulangan stunting. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sosialisasi dan edukasi pola hidup sehat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah mahasiswa terlibat secara langsung dalam kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi pola hidup sehta yang dilakukan secara dor to dor kepada ibu-ibu, dan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan parameter gizi seimbang kepada kader posyandu, serta “sex education” pada siswa. Kegiatan KKN MAS di Lombok Barat terlaksana sesuai dengan yang diharapakan berkat kerjasama peserta KKN MAS, masyarakat, dan pemerintah. Kata Kunci: gizi, pernikahan dini, sex education. AbstractStunting is a growth condition of children that is not appropriate for their age because they do not get the right amount of nutrition for a long time. West Lombok Regency is one of the areas with a high prevalence of stunting. The purpose of community service activities involving Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah (KKN MAS) in West Lombok Regency aims to: 1) improve student skills as strategic intermediate targets in increasing community participation through socialization and education on healthy lifestyles; 2) involving students in increasing community participation in stunting prevention in West Lombok Regency; 3) developing collaborative empowerment patterns through assistance in broad science and technology transfer; 4) increase community participation in stunting prevention. The method used in this activity is socialization and education on healthy lifestyles. The result of this activity is that students are directly involved in socialization and education activities for healthy lifestyles which are carried out door-to-door to mothers, and socialization and counseling of balanced nutrition parameters to posyandu cadres, as well as "sex education" to students. KKN MAS activities in West Lombok were carried out as expected thanks to the collaboration of KKN MAS participants, the community, and the governmentKey Word: nutrition, early marriage, sex education

Monetary Policy Instruments

This chapter presents and discusses the instruments of monetary policy that are used by LFDCs’ central banks. The trend towards market-based monetary policies has been followed by LFDCs’ central banks, which have increasingly resorted to indirect instruments, though direct instruments that are, like exchange controls, of a more administrative nature are still common. The chapter surveys the particular features of reserve requirements, refinancing facilities, open market operations and foreign exchange interventions of LFDCs’ central banks. Each instrument is discussed in detail: its specific purpose, the context, mechanisms and modalities of its use, its advantages but also its possible drawbacks. The way central banks in LFDCs combine these instruments to achieve their operating and intermediate targets is also examined. The discussion is illustrated by examples taken from selected countries.

Tuberculosis prevalence state in the world at the present stage

The incidence rate of tuberculosis in a particular country is an indicator of social well-being in society. Tuberculosis continues to be the leading cause of death among infectious diseases and is among the top ten common causes of death. Every year, about 1.3 million patients die from this pathology in the world, while every fourth has an HIV-associated form of the disease. New cases of the disease are recorded every year in about 10 million people, 58% of them are men, 32% are women, and about 10% are children and adolescents. The World Health Organization has compiled a list of 30 countries "living with the burden of tuberculosis", accounting for 87% of all infections. In the European Region and the WHO Region of the Americas, the total proportion of those infected with tuberculosis does not exceed 6%. At the same time, it should be noted that eight countries - India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa - account for two-thirds of all TB cases in the world. In May 2014, at the session of the World Health Assembly, the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Tuberculosis in the World was approved, and all countries, members of the WHO, took obligations to implement it. In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted, according to which WHO Member States should strive to achieve a 90% reduction in tuberculosis incidence and 95% mortality by 2035 (with intermediate targets in 2020, 2025 and 2030). In addition, no family should have to bear the catastrophic costs of treating tuberculosis when one or more of its members become ill.

Commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord: from Cajal to the present day

During neuronal development, the formation of neural circuits requires developing axons to traverse a diverse cellular and molecular environment to establish synaptic contacts with the appropriate postsynaptic partners. Essential to this process is the ability of developing axons to navigate guidance molecules presented by specialized populations of cells. These cells partition the distance traveled by growing axons into shorter intervals by serving as intermediate targets, orchestrating the arrival and departure of axons by providing attractive and repulsive guidance cues. The floor plate in the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical intermediate target during neuronal development, required for the extension of commissural axons across the ventral midline. In this review, we begin by giving a historical overview of the ventral commissure and the evolutionary purpose of decussation. We then review the axon guidance studies that have revealed a diverse assortment of midline guidance cues, as well as genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms required for coordinating the commissural axon response to these cues. Finally, we examine the contribution of dysfunctional axon guidance to neurological diseases.

Inflation Targeting in Iran

Inflation targeting in various forms has been adopted by a number of countries as a framework for making monetary policy more coherent and transparent and for increasing the credibility of monetary policy. Despite the language, referring to inflation target as the primary objective of monetary policy, central bankers always make room for short-run stabilization objectives, particularly with respect to output and exchange rate. Inflation targeting, in most cases, reduces the role of intermediate targets, such as exchange rate or money growth rate. Experience of other countries that have adopted inflation targeting as a monetary framework reveals that the success of the policy depends on not only the transparency of the operation but also on the budgetary discipline. Indeed, the central banks that have become more transparent, more independent, more coherent, and more accountable and more credible have been more successful. The controversy among economists on the expenses of inflation targeting has attained particular attention during the past decades .While opponents believe that inflation targeting takes place at the expense of output shortfalls (Cechetti and Ehrmann 1999), proponents (Mishkin 2000, Jonas and Mishkin 2003) believe that inflation targeting promotes investment and economic growth. This paper tries to address the question of whether the performance of inflation targeting in Iran has been successful. Based on a monetary model, using exogenous variables such as official exchange rate, budget deficit, foreign exchange obligation account, and balance of payments, the results suggest that the effects of inflation targeting on the real output is trivial, supporting the natural rate hypothesis.

New interpretation of fractional potential fields for robust path planning

Trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles is a research topical subject. In previous studies, optimal intermediate targets have been used in the Potential Fields (PFs). PFs are only a path planning method, or a reactive obstacle avoidance method and not a trajectory tracking method. In this article, the PFs are interpreted as an on-line control method to follow an optimal trajectory. An analysis and methodological approach to design the attractive potential as a robust controller are proposed, and a new definition of a fractional repulsive potential to characterize the dangerousness of obstacles is developed. Simulation results on autonomous vehicles are given.